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Abstract
The application of the death penalty as a punishment for severe crimes has long been a controversial topic in legal and criminological discourse. This article explores the impact of the death penalty's application on reducing crime rates from two main perspectives: law and criminology. This study uses a qualitative approach with in-depth literature analysis of death penalty policies in various countries, as well as empirical data on crime trends before and after the implementation of the death penalty. From a legal perspective, this article examines how the death penalty is justified as the most extreme tool of law enforcement and how it is integrated within the existing legal framework in several jurisdictions. From a criminological point of view, this article examines theories and research that evaluate the effectiveness of the death penalty as a determinant against crime. The analysis includes a study of the psychological effects of the death penalty on potential offenders, as well as a statistical evaluation of the correlation between the death penalty and a decrease in crime rates. The results of the analysis show that although there is some evidence to support the effectiveness of the death penalty as a crime deterrent, this evidence is often inconclusive and influenced by many contextual factors. In addition, we found that the application of the death penalty usually carries significant ethical and social implications, which can limit its effectiveness and acceptance in society. This article concludes with a discussion of the policy implications of these findings. It provides recommendations for law enforcement and policymakers in balancing crime prevention goals with the principles of justice and human rights. We also call for the need for more holistic research to fully understand the impact of the death penalty on crime levels.
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References
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- Fuad Mustofa, Pengantar Hukum Pidana, UMM press, Malang, 2004.
- Abdulkadir Muhammad, Hukum dan Penelitian Hukum, PT Citra Aditya Bakti, Bandung, 2004.
- Abdurrahmat, Metodologi Penelitian dan Teknik Penyusunan Skripsi (Cetakan 1), PT. Asdi Mahasatya, Jakarta, 2006.
- Adami Chazawi, Pelajaran Hukum Pidana Bagian 1 Stelsel Pidana Teori- Teori Pemidanaan, PT Raja Grafindo, Jakarta, 2002.
- Abintoro Prakoso, Kriminologi dan Hukum Pidana, Laksbang Pressindo, Yogyakarta, 2017.
- Ahmad Nindra Ferry, Efektifitas Sanksi Pidana Dalam Penanggulangan Kejahatan Psikotropika Di Kota Makasar, Perpustakaan Unhas, Makasar, 2002.
- Andi Hamzah, Bunga Rampai Hukum Pidana dan Acara Pidana , Ghalia Indonesia, Jakarta Timur, 2006.
- Bambang Sunggono, Metodelogi Penelitian Hukum, PT Raja Grafindo Persada, Jakarta, 2010.
- Barda Nawawi Arif, Masalah Penegakan Hukum dan Hukum Pidana dalam Penanggulangan kejahatan, Kencana, Jakarta, 2001.
- Baharuddin Lopa, Kejahatan Korupsi dan Penegakan Hukum, Buku Kompas, Jakarta, 2001.
- Bawengan G.W, masalah kejahatan dengan sebab akibat, Pradnya Paramita, Jakarta, 1977
- Bonger W.A, Inleiding tot de Criminogie terjemahan oleh R.A. Koesnoen
- Pengantar Tentang Kriminologi, Pembangunan, Jakarta, 1962.
- Eddy O.S. Hiariej, Prinsip-Prinsip Hukun Pidana,, Cahaya Atma Pustaka,Yogyakarta, 2016.
- Freda Adler et al, Criminology fourth editiion, McGraw-Hill Companies Inc, New York , 1998.
- H. Salim, Perkembangan Teori dalam Ilmu Hukum, PT Raja Grafindo Persada, Jakarta, 2012.
- I.S. Susanto, Kriminologi, Genta Publishing, Yogyakarta, 2011.
- Indah Sri Utami, Aliran dan Teori dalam Kriminologi, Thafa Media, Yogyakarta, 2012.
- Koeswadji dan Hermien Hadiati, Perkembangan Macam-Macam Pidana Dalam Rangka Pembangunan Hukum Pidana, PT. Citra Aditya Bakti, Bandung, 1995.
- Jonaedi Efendi dan Johnny Ibrahim, Metode Penelitian Hukum Normatif dan Empiris, Prenadame Group, Jakarta, 2018.
- Made Darma Weda, Kriminologi, PT. Raja Grafindo Persada, Jakarta, 1996. Mark M. Lanier and Stuart Henry, Essential Criminology, Press, Third Edition, Westview, 2010.
- Martin R. Haskell and Lewis Yablonsky, Criminologi: Crime and Criminality, Rand Mac Nally College Publishing Company, Chicago, 1974
- M. Iqbal Hasan, Pokok-Pokok Materi Metodelogi Penelitian Dan Aplikasinya, Pt. Asdi Muhasatya, Jakarta, 2006.
- Mulyana W. Kusumah, Kejahatan dan Penyimpangan, YLBHI, Jakarta, 1988 Peter Mahmud Marzuki, Penelitian Hukum, Prenada Media Group, Jakarta, 2007.
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- R. Abdoel Djamali, Pengantar Hukum Indonesia, PT Raja Grafindo Persada, Jakarta, 2011.
- Rusli Muhammad, Sistem Peradilan Pidana di Indonesia, UII Pers, Yogyakarta, 2011
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- Soerjono Dirdjosiworo, Ruang Lingkup Kriminologi, Remaja Karya, Bandung, 1982.
- Soerjono Soekanto, Sosial Suatu Pengantar,, Remadja Karya CV, Jakarta, 1997.
- Soerjono Seokanto, Hengkie Liklikuwata, Mulyana W. Kusumah, Kriminologi Suatu Pengantar, Ghalia Indonesia, Jakarta, 1986.
- Soeroso, Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana (KUHP), Poleteia, Bogor, 1991.
- Tolib Effendi, Dasar-Dasar Kriminologi, Setara Press, Malang, 2017.
- Topo Santoso dan Eva Achjani Zulfa, Kriminologi, PT Raja Grafindo Persada, Jakarta, 2016.
- Wahyu Muljono, Pengantar Teori Kriminologi, Pustaka Yustisia,, Yogyakarta, 2012.
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References
A’Aan Efendi, Freedy Poernomo, dan IG NG Indra S. Ranuh, Teori Hukum, Sinar Grafika, Jakarta, 2016.
Fuad Mustofa, Pengantar Hukum Pidana, UMM press, Malang, 2004.
Abdulkadir Muhammad, Hukum dan Penelitian Hukum, PT Citra Aditya Bakti, Bandung, 2004.
Abdurrahmat, Metodologi Penelitian dan Teknik Penyusunan Skripsi (Cetakan 1), PT. Asdi Mahasatya, Jakarta, 2006.
Adami Chazawi, Pelajaran Hukum Pidana Bagian 1 Stelsel Pidana Teori- Teori Pemidanaan, PT Raja Grafindo, Jakarta, 2002.
Abintoro Prakoso, Kriminologi dan Hukum Pidana, Laksbang Pressindo, Yogyakarta, 2017.
Ahmad Nindra Ferry, Efektifitas Sanksi Pidana Dalam Penanggulangan Kejahatan Psikotropika Di Kota Makasar, Perpustakaan Unhas, Makasar, 2002.
Andi Hamzah, Bunga Rampai Hukum Pidana dan Acara Pidana , Ghalia Indonesia, Jakarta Timur, 2006.
Bambang Sunggono, Metodelogi Penelitian Hukum, PT Raja Grafindo Persada, Jakarta, 2010.
Barda Nawawi Arif, Masalah Penegakan Hukum dan Hukum Pidana dalam Penanggulangan kejahatan, Kencana, Jakarta, 2001.
Baharuddin Lopa, Kejahatan Korupsi dan Penegakan Hukum, Buku Kompas, Jakarta, 2001.
Bawengan G.W, masalah kejahatan dengan sebab akibat, Pradnya Paramita, Jakarta, 1977
Bonger W.A, Inleiding tot de Criminogie terjemahan oleh R.A. Koesnoen
Pengantar Tentang Kriminologi, Pembangunan, Jakarta, 1962.
Eddy O.S. Hiariej, Prinsip-Prinsip Hukun Pidana,, Cahaya Atma Pustaka,Yogyakarta, 2016.
Freda Adler et al, Criminology fourth editiion, McGraw-Hill Companies Inc, New York , 1998.
H. Salim, Perkembangan Teori dalam Ilmu Hukum, PT Raja Grafindo Persada, Jakarta, 2012.
I.S. Susanto, Kriminologi, Genta Publishing, Yogyakarta, 2011.
Indah Sri Utami, Aliran dan Teori dalam Kriminologi, Thafa Media, Yogyakarta, 2012.
Koeswadji dan Hermien Hadiati, Perkembangan Macam-Macam Pidana Dalam Rangka Pembangunan Hukum Pidana, PT. Citra Aditya Bakti, Bandung, 1995.
Jonaedi Efendi dan Johnny Ibrahim, Metode Penelitian Hukum Normatif dan Empiris, Prenadame Group, Jakarta, 2018.
Made Darma Weda, Kriminologi, PT. Raja Grafindo Persada, Jakarta, 1996. Mark M. Lanier and Stuart Henry, Essential Criminology, Press, Third Edition, Westview, 2010.
Martin R. Haskell and Lewis Yablonsky, Criminologi: Crime and Criminality, Rand Mac Nally College Publishing Company, Chicago, 1974
M. Iqbal Hasan, Pokok-Pokok Materi Metodelogi Penelitian Dan Aplikasinya, Pt. Asdi Muhasatya, Jakarta, 2006.
Mulyana W. Kusumah, Kejahatan dan Penyimpangan, YLBHI, Jakarta, 1988 Peter Mahmud Marzuki, Penelitian Hukum, Prenada Media Group, Jakarta, 2007.
Pudi Rahardi, Hukum Kepolisian Kemandirian Profesionalisme dan Reformasi, Laksbang Grafika, Surabaya, 2014.
R. Abdoel Djamali, Pengantar Hukum Indonesia, PT Raja Grafindo Persada, Jakarta, 2011.
Rusli Muhammad, Sistem Peradilan Pidana di Indonesia, UII Pers, Yogyakarta, 2011
Robert M. Bohn dan Keith N. Haley, crime and society, Allyn and Bacon, Massachusetts, 1989.
Romli Atmasasmita, Teori dan kapita Selekta Kriminologi, Aditama, Bandung, 2005.
Soeharto, Hukum Pidana Materil, Sinar Grafika, Jakarta, 1993.
Soerjono Dirdjosiworo, Ruang Lingkup Kriminologi, Remaja Karya, Bandung, 1982.
Soerjono Soekanto, Sosial Suatu Pengantar,, Remadja Karya CV, Jakarta, 1997.
Soerjono Seokanto, Hengkie Liklikuwata, Mulyana W. Kusumah, Kriminologi Suatu Pengantar, Ghalia Indonesia, Jakarta, 1986.
Soeroso, Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana (KUHP), Poleteia, Bogor, 1991.
Tolib Effendi, Dasar-Dasar Kriminologi, Setara Press, Malang, 2017.
Topo Santoso dan Eva Achjani Zulfa, Kriminologi, PT Raja Grafindo Persada, Jakarta, 2016.
Wahyu Muljono, Pengantar Teori Kriminologi, Pustaka Yustisia,, Yogyakarta, 2012.
Wirjono Prodjodikoro, Asas-asas Hukum Pidana di Indonesia, Bandung, PT Refika Aditama, 2003, hlm. 27.