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Abstract
Diarrhea is the third leading cause of death among children under five years old worldwide, with improper management both at home and in healthcare facilities being the primary cause. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends zinc supplementation as a treatment for acute diarrhea, while probiotics, commonly used alongside fluid rehydration, are not yet included in WHO guidelines. This study used a single-blinded randomized Controlled Trial design to compare the effectiveness of zinc therapy versus a combination of zinc and probiotics on the duration of diarrhea during hospitalization at Mawaddah Medika Hospital. Children suffering from diarrhea who met specific inclusion and exclusion criteria were randomly assigned to two groups: one received zinc therapy, while the other received a combination of zinc and probiotics, along with standard treatments. The data were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney test. Eighty children participated in the study, with the majority (60.0%) aged 1-5 years, and 53.8% of the children were male. In the group receiving zinc therapy, diarrhea was approximately 8.54 hours shorter than in the zinc-probiotic combination group. However, the analysis revealed no significant difference in the duration of diarrhea between the two treatments (p > 0.05). Consequently, while no significant difference was found between zinc supplementation and zinc-probiotic combination therapy regarding the duration of diarrhea, further research is needed to explore the administration of these treatments in diarrhea patients.
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References
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- Rahmayani, Salwan, H., Bakri, A., & Husin, S. (2014). Efek Pemberian Kombinasi Zinc dan Probiotik Terhadap Lama dan Frekuensi Diare Pada Penderita Diare Akut. MKS, 46(3), 181–185.
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References
Abdulah, D. M., Sulaiman, S. J., & Ahmed, Z. W. (2024). Effect of probiotics plus zinc supplementation on clinical outcomes of infants and children with acute infectious diarrhea: a randomized controlled trial. Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics, 67(4), 203–212. https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2023.01340
Alasiry, E., Abbas, N., & Daud, D. (2007). Khasiat Klinik Pemberian Probiotik pada Diare Akut Nonspesifik Bayi dan Anak. Sari Pediatri, 8(3), 36–41.
Bhutta, Z. A., Bird, S. M., Black, R. E., Brown, K. H., Gardner, J. M., Hidayat, A., Khatun, F., Martorell, R., Ninh, N. X., Penny, M. E., Rosado, J. L., Roy, S. K., Ruel, M., Sazawal, S., & Shankar, A. (2000). Therapeutic effects of oral zinc in acute and persistent diarrhea in children in developing countries: pooled analysis of randomized controlled trials. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 72(6), 1516–1522. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/72.6.1516
Canani, R. B., Buccigrossi, V., & Passariello, A. (2011). Mechanisms of action of zinc in acute diarrhea. Current Opinion in Gastroenterology, 27(1), 8–12. https://doi.org/10.1097/MOG.0b013e32833fd48a
Dewi, I. A., Paramasari, A. A., & Lely, A. A. (2023). Karakteristik Pasien Diare Anak Umur 2-5 Tahun di Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Wangaya, Denpasar. Aesculapius Medical Journal, 3(2), 180–187.
Guarner, F., Sanders, M. E., Szajewska, H., Cohen, H., Eliakim, R., Herrera-deGuise, C., Karakan, T., Merenstein, D., Piscoya, A., Ramakrishna, B., Salminen, S., & Melberg, J. (2024). World Gastroenterology Organisation Global Guidelines: Probiotics and Prebiotics. Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology, 58(6), 533–553. https://doi.org/10.1097/MCG.0000000000002002
Hartman, R. M., Cohen, A. L., Antoni, S., Mwenda, J., Weldegebriel, G., Biey, J., Shaba, K., De Oliveira, L., Rey, G., Ortiz, C., Tereza, M., Fahmy, K., Ghoniem, A., Ashmony, H., Videbaek, D., Singh, S., Tondo, E., Sharifuzzaman, M., Liyanage, J., … Nakamura, T. (2023). Risk Factors for Mortality Among Children Younger Than Age 5 Years With Severe Diarrhea in Low- and Middle-income Countries: Findings From the World Health Organization-coordinated Global Rotavirus and Pediatric Diarrhea Surveillance Networks. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 76(3), E1047–E1053. https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciac561
Kementerian Kesehatan RI. (2015). Buku Saku Lintas Diare Untuk Petugas Kesehatan. Kementerian Kesehatan RI.
Rahmayani, Salwan, H., Bakri, A., & Husin, S. (2014). Efek Pemberian Kombinasi Zinc dan Probiotik Terhadap Lama dan Frekuensi Diare Pada Penderita Diare Akut. MKS, 46(3), 181–185.
Vernanda, S. G., Anggraini, D., & Savira, M. (2015). Karakteristik Pada Balita Diare Dengan Infeksi Enteropathogenic Escherichia Coli (Epec) Di Puskesmas Rawat Inap Kota Pekanbaru. Jom Fk, 2(1).
Wahyuni, D. F., & Riska, R. (2021). Gambaran Penggunaan Terapi Gea (Gastroenteritis ) Pada Pasien Anak Di Rsud Batara Siang Pangkep Sulsel. Jurnal Riset Kefarmasian Indonesia, 3(3), 189–198. https://doi.org/10.33759/jrki.v3i3.137
World Health Organization. (2024, March 7). Diarrhoeal disease. World Health Organization.