Main Article Content
Abstract
This qualitative study explores community dynamics, management strategies, and sustainable development in the context of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs). Grounded in grounded theory and employing purposive and maximum variation sampling, data was collected through semi-structured interviews, focus group discussions, participant observation, and documentary analysis. Analysis involved iterative coding, axial coding, and theoretical sampling. Findings highlight the multifaceted nature of communities, shaped by intricate networks, cultural norms, and institutional frameworks. Management strategies such as stakeholder engagement, community-based initiatives, environmental sustainability, and digital innovation are crucial for SME success. Challenges include limited access to resources, regulatory constraints, and cultural barriers, while opportunities lie in leveraging diversity, fostering innovation, and contributing to community resilience. The study underscores the importance of holistic approaches, tailored interventions, and collaboration for sustainable SME development. It contributes theoretical insights into community dynamics and management strategies, offering practical implications for stakeholders. Further research directions include longitudinal studies, comparative analyses, and interdisciplinary approaches to deepen understanding and advance practice in navigating community dynamics for sustainable SME development.
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References
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- Aldrich, H. E., & Meyer, M. A. (2015). Social capital and community resilience. American Behavioral Scientist, 59(2), 254-269. https://doi.org/10.1177/0002764214550299
- Atiku, S. U., Shaibu, M. S., & Anabaraonye, A. L. (2020). Impact of social networking on small and medium scale enterprises performance: A study of Nigerian small and medium scale enterprises. Journal of Social Sciences and Public Policy, 12(1), 23-34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsspp.2020.03.004
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- Austin, J., & Seitanidi, M. M. (2012). Collaborative value creation: A review of partnering between nonprofits and businesses. Partnership: An International Journal of Business and Society, 6(1), 1-36. https://doi.org/10.7564/14-IJAPSJ-017
- Austin, J., Stevenson, H., & Wei-Skillern, J. (2006). Social and commercial entrepreneurship: Same, different, or both? Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 30(1), 1-22. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6520.2006.00107.x
- Barney, J. (1991). Firm resources and sustained competitive advantage. Journal of Management, 17(1), 99-120. https://doi.org/10.1177/014920639101700108
- Bhagat, R. S., McQuaid, S. J., Lee, K., & Cartwright, S. (2002). Culture's consequences: Comparing values, behaviors, institutions and organizations across nations. International Studies of Management & Organization, 32(3), 94-115. https://doi.org/10.1080/00208825.2002.11656867
- Bhinekawati, A. (2018). Sustainable corporate social responsibility (CSR) and transformational community engagement: A case study of Indonesian companies. Asian Journal of Sustainability and Social Responsibility, 3(1), 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41180-018-0021-y
- Brown, S. W., Norman, E., & Hu, S. (2024). Institutional dynamics and community resilience: A qualitative analysis. Journal of Community Psychology, 52(4), 514-528. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcop.21742
- Brush, C. G., Edelman, L. F., Manolova, T. S., & Welter, F. (2003). A gender-aware framework for women's entrepreneurship. International Journal of Gender and Entrepreneurship, 5(1), 54-78. https://doi.org/10.1108/17566260380001002
- Brush, C. G., Greene, P. G., & Hart, M. M. (2001). From initial idea to unique advantage: The entrepreneurial challenge of constructing a resource base. Academy of Management Executive, 15(1), 64-78. https://doi.org/10.5465/ame.2001.4251396
- Brynjolfsson, E., & McAfee, A. (2014). The Second Machine Age: Work, Progress, and Prosperity in a Time of Brilliant Technologies. W. W. Norton & Company.
- Charmaz, K. (2006). Constructing grounded theory: A practical guide through qualitative analysis. SAGE Publications.
- Charmaz, K. (2014). Constructing grounded theory (2nd ed.). SAGE Publications.
- Chen, Y., & Zhang, Y. (2023). The role of digital marketing in SME success: A comparative analysis. Journal of Business Research, 130, 220-231. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2022.09.005
- Chen, Y., Han, Y., & Liu, Y. (2024). Digitalization and sustainable development in SMEs: Opportunities and challenges. Journal of Cleaner Production, 333, 130114. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.130114
- Clarkson, M. B. E. (1995). A stakeholder framework for analyzing and evaluating corporate social performance. Academy of Management Review, 20(1), 92-117. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.1995.9503271992
- Coleman, J. S. (1988). Social capital in the creation of human capital. American Journal of Sociology, 94, S95-S120. https://doi.org/10.1086/228943
- De Marchi, V., Camuffo, A., & Guercini, S. (2019). Environmental sustainability in SMEs: A comparative analysis of Italy and Austria. Journal of Small Business Management, 57(1), 175-196. https://doi.org/10.1111/jsbm.12340
- Denzin, N. K., & Lincoln, Y. S. (2018). The Sage Handbook of Qualitative Research. SAGE Publications.
- DiBella, A. (2022). The role of strategic sustainable business practices in SME development. Journal of Sustainable Development, 15(2), 112-127. https://doi.org/10.5539/jsd.v15n2p112
- Duan, L., Li, X., & Xu, Y. (2009). Strategic orientation, technology innovation capability, and firm performance. Management Decision, 47(6), 928-944. https://doi.org/10.1108/00251740910971838
- Elkington, J. (1997). Cannibals with forks: The triple bottom line of 21st century business. Capstone Publishing.
- Ellison, N. B., & Boyd, D. (2021). Sociality through social network sites. In Dutton, W. H. (Ed.), The Oxford Handbook of Internet Studies. Oxford University Press.
- Freeman, R. E. (1984). Strategic management: A stakeholder approach. Boston, MA: Pitman.
- Garcia, R., & Rodriguez, L. (2023). Barriers to sustainability in SMEs: A qualitative analysis. Journal of Cleaner Production, 300, 126983. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.126983
- Garcia, R., Gomes, M., & Souza, A. M. (2022). Sustainable management practices and SME competitiveness: A systematic review. Sustainability Science, 17(1), 78-92. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11625-021-00989-8
- Glaser, B. G., & Strauss, A. L. (1967). The Discovery of Grounded Theory: Strategies for Qualitative Research. AldineTransaction.
- Gomez, R., Kochoa, O., & Park, S. (2023). Cultural diversity and innovation: A comparative analysis. Journal of Innovation Management, 10(1), 56-73. https://doi.org/10.5772/innovation.2023.0012
- Gomez, R., Kochoa, O., & Park, S. (2023). Cultural diversity and innovation: A comparative analysis. Journal of Innovation Management, 10(1), 56-73. https://doi.org/10.5772/innovation.2023.0012
- Granovetter, M. S. (1973). The strength of weak ties. American Journal of Sociology, 78(6), 1360-1380. https://doi.org/10.1086/225469
- Granovetter, M. S. (1985). Economic action and social structure: The problem of embeddedness. American Journal of Sociology, 91(3), 481-510. https://doi.org/10.1086/228311
- Gronroos, C. (1994). From marketing mix to relationship marketing: Towards a paradigm shift in marketing. Management Decision, 32(2), 4-20. https://doi.org/10.1108/00251749410054765
- Hart, S. L. (1995). A natural-resource-based view of the firm. Academy of Management Review, 20(4), 986-1014. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.1995.9511154058
- Hart, S. L. (1997). Beyond greening: Strategies for a sustainable world. Harvard Business Review, 75(1), 66-76.
- Hofstede, G. (1980). Culture's consequences: International differences in work-related values. SAGE Publications.
- Hofstede, G. (2001). Culture's consequences: Comparing values, behaviors, institutions, and organizations across nations. SAGE Publications.
- Jones, C. A., Gibson, P., & Brown, A. D. (2022). Toward sustainable development: A study of SMEs' perspectives and practices. Business Strategy and the Environment, 31(1), 65-78. https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.2809
- Kotler, P., & Armstrong, G. (2018). Principles of Marketing. Pearson.
- Krueger, R. A., & Casey, M. A. (2014). Focus Groups: A Practical Guide for Applied Research. SAGE Publications.
- Lee, K., Song, S., & Park, J. (2022). The COVID-19 pandemic and community resilience: A comparative study. Journal of Community Psychology, 50(6), 788-802. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcop.22778
- Li, Y., Wu, F., & Zhao, J. (2023). Ecosystem thinking and SME innovation: A conceptual framework. Technovation, 111, 102399. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.technovation.2021.102399
- Liao, J., & Welsch, H. (2005). Patterns of SME entrepreneurship in rural communities: A case study of community support and collaboration. Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, 17(6), 437-450. https://doi.org/10.1080/08985620500186099
- Lincoln, Y. S., & Guba, E. G. (1985). Naturalistic Inquiry. SAGE Publications.
- Liu, Y., & Wang, Z. (2024). Dynamic capabilities and strategic management in SMEs: A conceptual framework. Journal of Business Research, 134, 123-135. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2022.10.009
- Merriam, S. B. (2009). Qualitative Research: A Guide to Design and Implementation. Jossey-Bass.
- Moore, M. (2009). The emergence of social enterprises and their place in the new social economy. In A. Nicholls (Ed.), Social Entrepreneurship: New Models of Sustainable Social Change. Oxford University Press.
- Nahapiet, J., & Ghoshal, S. (1998). Social capital, intellectual capital, and the organizational advantage. Academy of Management Review, 23(2), 242-266. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.1998.533225
- North, D. C. (1990). Institutions, institutional change and economic performance. Cambridge University Press.
- Ostrom, E. (1990). Governing the commons: The evolution of institutions for collective action. Cambridge University Press.
- Palinkas, L. A., Horwitz, S. M., Green, C. A., Wisdom, J. P., Duan, N., & Hoagwood, K. (2015). Purposeful sampling for qualitative data collection and analysis in mixed method implementation research. Administration and Policy in Mental Health and Mental Health Services Research, 42(5), 533-544. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10488-013-0528-y
- Porter, M. E. (2008). The five competitive forces that shape strategy. Harvard Business Review, 86(1), 25-40.
- Porter, M. E., & Kramer, M. R. (2011). Creating shared value. Harvard Business Review, 89(1-2), 62-77.
- Putnam, R. D. (2000). Bowling Alone: The Collapse and Revival of American Community. Simon and Schuster.
- Salimzadeh, H., Zhang, J., & Xue, X. (2015). A framework for assessing sustainable development in regional SMEs: Evidence from China. Sustainable Development, 23(1), 37-48. https://doi.org/10.1002/sd.1574
- Scott, W. R. (2001). Institutions and organizations: Ideas and interests. Sage Publications.
- Scott, W. R. (2001). Institutions and Organizations: Ideas and Interests. SAGE Publications.
- Shrivastava, P. (1995). Environmental technologies and competitive advantage. Strategic Management Journal, 16(S1), 183-200. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.4250160920
- Smith, A., & Johnson, R. (2023). Balancing economic, social, and environmental objectives: A study of SME sustainable development practices. Journal of Business Ethics, 172(1), 101-116. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-020-04529-8
- Smith, M., Ochoa, M., & Martinez, L. (2022). Multiculturalism and community innovation: A comparative analysis. Community Development, 53(2), 269-283. https://doi.org/10.1080/15575330.2021.1961557
- Thomas, D. C., & Inkson, K. (2003). Cultural intelligence: People skills for global business. Berrett-Koehler Publishers.
- UNIDO. (2019). Small and medium-sized enterprises: Key drivers of inclusive and sustainable industrial development. United Nations Industrial Development Organization.
- Waddock, S. A., & Graves, S. B. (1997). The corporate social performance-financial performance link. Strategic Management Journal, 18(4), 303-319. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-0266(199704)18:4<303::AID-SMJ869>3.0.CO;2-G
- Weihrich, H. (1982). The TOWS matrix—A tool for situational analysis. Long Range Planning, 15(2), 54-66. https://doi.org/10.1016/0024-6301(82)90120-0
- West, D. M., Miller, R., & Gattis, B. (2023). The COVID-19 pandemic and the digital divide: A comparative analysis. Journal of Information Technology & Politics, 20(1), 97-113. https://doi.org/10.1080/19331681.2022.2069407
- Zaman, A., Arifeen, M. A., & Roush, R. (2018). Community engagement and SME innovation: A case study of Bangladesh. Journal of Development Studies, 54(2), 257-271. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220388.2016.1275364
- Zhao, S., Grasmuck, S., & Martin, J. (2023). Social capital and online social networks: A comparative analysis. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 23(1), 30-45. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcc4.12666
References
Acs, Z. J., & Audretsch, D. B. (2010). Entrepreneurship and economic development: The role of small and medium enterprises. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 34(2), 363-387. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6520.2010.00383.x
Aldrich, H. E., & Meyer, M. A. (2015). Social capital and community resilience. American Behavioral Scientist, 59(2), 254-269. https://doi.org/10.1177/0002764214550299
Atiku, S. U., Shaibu, M. S., & Anabaraonye, A. L. (2020). Impact of social networking on small and medium scale enterprises performance: A study of Nigerian small and medium scale enterprises. Journal of Social Sciences and Public Policy, 12(1), 23-34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsspp.2020.03.004
Austin, J. E., & Seitanidi, M. M. (2012). Collaborative value creation: A review of partnering between nonprofits and businesses. Partnership: An International Journal of Business and Society, 6(1), 1-36. https://doi.org/10.7564/14-IJAPSJ-017
Austin, J., & Seitanidi, M. M. (2012). Collaborative value creation: A review of partnering between nonprofits and businesses. Partnership: An International Journal of Business and Society, 6(1), 1-36. https://doi.org/10.7564/14-IJAPSJ-017
Austin, J., Stevenson, H., & Wei-Skillern, J. (2006). Social and commercial entrepreneurship: Same, different, or both? Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 30(1), 1-22. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6520.2006.00107.x
Barney, J. (1991). Firm resources and sustained competitive advantage. Journal of Management, 17(1), 99-120. https://doi.org/10.1177/014920639101700108
Bhagat, R. S., McQuaid, S. J., Lee, K., & Cartwright, S. (2002). Culture's consequences: Comparing values, behaviors, institutions and organizations across nations. International Studies of Management & Organization, 32(3), 94-115. https://doi.org/10.1080/00208825.2002.11656867
Bhinekawati, A. (2018). Sustainable corporate social responsibility (CSR) and transformational community engagement: A case study of Indonesian companies. Asian Journal of Sustainability and Social Responsibility, 3(1), 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41180-018-0021-y
Brown, S. W., Norman, E., & Hu, S. (2024). Institutional dynamics and community resilience: A qualitative analysis. Journal of Community Psychology, 52(4), 514-528. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcop.21742
Brush, C. G., Edelman, L. F., Manolova, T. S., & Welter, F. (2003). A gender-aware framework for women's entrepreneurship. International Journal of Gender and Entrepreneurship, 5(1), 54-78. https://doi.org/10.1108/17566260380001002
Brush, C. G., Greene, P. G., & Hart, M. M. (2001). From initial idea to unique advantage: The entrepreneurial challenge of constructing a resource base. Academy of Management Executive, 15(1), 64-78. https://doi.org/10.5465/ame.2001.4251396
Brynjolfsson, E., & McAfee, A. (2014). The Second Machine Age: Work, Progress, and Prosperity in a Time of Brilliant Technologies. W. W. Norton & Company.
Charmaz, K. (2006). Constructing grounded theory: A practical guide through qualitative analysis. SAGE Publications.
Charmaz, K. (2014). Constructing grounded theory (2nd ed.). SAGE Publications.
Chen, Y., & Zhang, Y. (2023). The role of digital marketing in SME success: A comparative analysis. Journal of Business Research, 130, 220-231. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2022.09.005
Chen, Y., Han, Y., & Liu, Y. (2024). Digitalization and sustainable development in SMEs: Opportunities and challenges. Journal of Cleaner Production, 333, 130114. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.130114
Clarkson, M. B. E. (1995). A stakeholder framework for analyzing and evaluating corporate social performance. Academy of Management Review, 20(1), 92-117. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.1995.9503271992
Coleman, J. S. (1988). Social capital in the creation of human capital. American Journal of Sociology, 94, S95-S120. https://doi.org/10.1086/228943
De Marchi, V., Camuffo, A., & Guercini, S. (2019). Environmental sustainability in SMEs: A comparative analysis of Italy and Austria. Journal of Small Business Management, 57(1), 175-196. https://doi.org/10.1111/jsbm.12340
Denzin, N. K., & Lincoln, Y. S. (2018). The Sage Handbook of Qualitative Research. SAGE Publications.
DiBella, A. (2022). The role of strategic sustainable business practices in SME development. Journal of Sustainable Development, 15(2), 112-127. https://doi.org/10.5539/jsd.v15n2p112
Duan, L., Li, X., & Xu, Y. (2009). Strategic orientation, technology innovation capability, and firm performance. Management Decision, 47(6), 928-944. https://doi.org/10.1108/00251740910971838
Elkington, J. (1997). Cannibals with forks: The triple bottom line of 21st century business. Capstone Publishing.
Ellison, N. B., & Boyd, D. (2021). Sociality through social network sites. In Dutton, W. H. (Ed.), The Oxford Handbook of Internet Studies. Oxford University Press.
Freeman, R. E. (1984). Strategic management: A stakeholder approach. Boston, MA: Pitman.
Garcia, R., & Rodriguez, L. (2023). Barriers to sustainability in SMEs: A qualitative analysis. Journal of Cleaner Production, 300, 126983. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.126983
Garcia, R., Gomes, M., & Souza, A. M. (2022). Sustainable management practices and SME competitiveness: A systematic review. Sustainability Science, 17(1), 78-92. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11625-021-00989-8
Glaser, B. G., & Strauss, A. L. (1967). The Discovery of Grounded Theory: Strategies for Qualitative Research. AldineTransaction.
Gomez, R., Kochoa, O., & Park, S. (2023). Cultural diversity and innovation: A comparative analysis. Journal of Innovation Management, 10(1), 56-73. https://doi.org/10.5772/innovation.2023.0012
Gomez, R., Kochoa, O., & Park, S. (2023). Cultural diversity and innovation: A comparative analysis. Journal of Innovation Management, 10(1), 56-73. https://doi.org/10.5772/innovation.2023.0012
Granovetter, M. S. (1973). The strength of weak ties. American Journal of Sociology, 78(6), 1360-1380. https://doi.org/10.1086/225469
Granovetter, M. S. (1985). Economic action and social structure: The problem of embeddedness. American Journal of Sociology, 91(3), 481-510. https://doi.org/10.1086/228311
Gronroos, C. (1994). From marketing mix to relationship marketing: Towards a paradigm shift in marketing. Management Decision, 32(2), 4-20. https://doi.org/10.1108/00251749410054765
Hart, S. L. (1995). A natural-resource-based view of the firm. Academy of Management Review, 20(4), 986-1014. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.1995.9511154058
Hart, S. L. (1997). Beyond greening: Strategies for a sustainable world. Harvard Business Review, 75(1), 66-76.
Hofstede, G. (1980). Culture's consequences: International differences in work-related values. SAGE Publications.
Hofstede, G. (2001). Culture's consequences: Comparing values, behaviors, institutions, and organizations across nations. SAGE Publications.
Jones, C. A., Gibson, P., & Brown, A. D. (2022). Toward sustainable development: A study of SMEs' perspectives and practices. Business Strategy and the Environment, 31(1), 65-78. https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.2809
Kotler, P., & Armstrong, G. (2018). Principles of Marketing. Pearson.
Krueger, R. A., & Casey, M. A. (2014). Focus Groups: A Practical Guide for Applied Research. SAGE Publications.
Lee, K., Song, S., & Park, J. (2022). The COVID-19 pandemic and community resilience: A comparative study. Journal of Community Psychology, 50(6), 788-802. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcop.22778
Li, Y., Wu, F., & Zhao, J. (2023). Ecosystem thinking and SME innovation: A conceptual framework. Technovation, 111, 102399. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.technovation.2021.102399
Liao, J., & Welsch, H. (2005). Patterns of SME entrepreneurship in rural communities: A case study of community support and collaboration. Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, 17(6), 437-450. https://doi.org/10.1080/08985620500186099
Lincoln, Y. S., & Guba, E. G. (1985). Naturalistic Inquiry. SAGE Publications.
Liu, Y., & Wang, Z. (2024). Dynamic capabilities and strategic management in SMEs: A conceptual framework. Journal of Business Research, 134, 123-135. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2022.10.009
Merriam, S. B. (2009). Qualitative Research: A Guide to Design and Implementation. Jossey-Bass.
Moore, M. (2009). The emergence of social enterprises and their place in the new social economy. In A. Nicholls (Ed.), Social Entrepreneurship: New Models of Sustainable Social Change. Oxford University Press.
Nahapiet, J., & Ghoshal, S. (1998). Social capital, intellectual capital, and the organizational advantage. Academy of Management Review, 23(2), 242-266. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.1998.533225
North, D. C. (1990). Institutions, institutional change and economic performance. Cambridge University Press.
Ostrom, E. (1990). Governing the commons: The evolution of institutions for collective action. Cambridge University Press.
Palinkas, L. A., Horwitz, S. M., Green, C. A., Wisdom, J. P., Duan, N., & Hoagwood, K. (2015). Purposeful sampling for qualitative data collection and analysis in mixed method implementation research. Administration and Policy in Mental Health and Mental Health Services Research, 42(5), 533-544. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10488-013-0528-y
Porter, M. E. (2008). The five competitive forces that shape strategy. Harvard Business Review, 86(1), 25-40.
Porter, M. E., & Kramer, M. R. (2011). Creating shared value. Harvard Business Review, 89(1-2), 62-77.
Putnam, R. D. (2000). Bowling Alone: The Collapse and Revival of American Community. Simon and Schuster.
Salimzadeh, H., Zhang, J., & Xue, X. (2015). A framework for assessing sustainable development in regional SMEs: Evidence from China. Sustainable Development, 23(1), 37-48. https://doi.org/10.1002/sd.1574
Scott, W. R. (2001). Institutions and organizations: Ideas and interests. Sage Publications.
Scott, W. R. (2001). Institutions and Organizations: Ideas and Interests. SAGE Publications.
Shrivastava, P. (1995). Environmental technologies and competitive advantage. Strategic Management Journal, 16(S1), 183-200. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.4250160920
Smith, A., & Johnson, R. (2023). Balancing economic, social, and environmental objectives: A study of SME sustainable development practices. Journal of Business Ethics, 172(1), 101-116. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-020-04529-8
Smith, M., Ochoa, M., & Martinez, L. (2022). Multiculturalism and community innovation: A comparative analysis. Community Development, 53(2), 269-283. https://doi.org/10.1080/15575330.2021.1961557
Thomas, D. C., & Inkson, K. (2003). Cultural intelligence: People skills for global business. Berrett-Koehler Publishers.
UNIDO. (2019). Small and medium-sized enterprises: Key drivers of inclusive and sustainable industrial development. United Nations Industrial Development Organization.
Waddock, S. A., & Graves, S. B. (1997). The corporate social performance-financial performance link. Strategic Management Journal, 18(4), 303-319. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-0266(199704)18:4<303::AID-SMJ869>3.0.CO;2-G
Weihrich, H. (1982). The TOWS matrix—A tool for situational analysis. Long Range Planning, 15(2), 54-66. https://doi.org/10.1016/0024-6301(82)90120-0
West, D. M., Miller, R., & Gattis, B. (2023). The COVID-19 pandemic and the digital divide: A comparative analysis. Journal of Information Technology & Politics, 20(1), 97-113. https://doi.org/10.1080/19331681.2022.2069407
Zaman, A., Arifeen, M. A., & Roush, R. (2018). Community engagement and SME innovation: A case study of Bangladesh. Journal of Development Studies, 54(2), 257-271. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220388.2016.1275364
Zhao, S., Grasmuck, S., & Martin, J. (2023). Social capital and online social networks: A comparative analysis. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 23(1), 30-45. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcc4.12666