Article Sidebar

Download
Download Article

Main Article Content

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the effect of average years of schooling, per capita GRDP, and unemployment on absolute poverty in the Meranti Regency Islands, both simultaneously and partially. The study is motivated by the relatively high poverty rate and fluctuating socio-economic conditions in the region. This research employs a quantitative approach using multiple linear regression analysis with the assistance of EViews software. The data used are secondary time series data from 2010–2024 obtained from the Central Statistics Agency (BPS). The analysis includes classical assumption tests (normality, multicollinearity, autocorrelation, and heteroscedasticity) and statistical tests such as t-test, F-test, and coefficient of determination (R²). The results indicate that, simultaneously, average years of schooling, per capita GRDP, and unemployment have a significant effect on absolute poverty in the Meranti Regency Islands. Partially, average years of schooling and per capita GRDP have a negative and significant effect on poverty, implying that improvements in education and income levels can reduce poverty. Meanwhile, unemployment has a positive and significant effect on poverty, indicating that higher unemployment increases poverty levels. These variables collectively explain a substantial proportion of the variation in poverty within the model.

Keywords

Poverty AYS GRDP per Capita Unemployment

Article Details

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

How to Cite
Waruwu, R. S. O., Isyandi, I., & Pailis, E. A. (2026). The Effect of Average School Age, Per Capita GDP and Unemployment on Absolute Poverty in Meranti Island Regency. Golden Ratio of Data in Summary, 6(3), 654–667. https://doi.org/10.52970/grdis.v6i3.2193
Download Citation
Endnote/Zotero/Mendeley (RIS)
BibTeX

References

  1. Andaru, I. (2023). Analysis of the influence of GDP, education, investment and government expenditure on the number of poverty in regencies/cities of Riau Province in 2017–2021.
  2. Andriyanto, B. (2019). The influence of economic growth, regional minimum wage, investment on unemployment in East Java Province in 2008–2017.
  3. Azizah, E., Sudarti, & Kusuma, H. (2018). The influence of education, per capita income and population on poverty in East Java Province. Journal of Economics, 2(1), 167–180.
  4. Central Statistics Agency. (2025). [New method] Average school length (years), 2015–2024. Retrieved May 26, 2025.
  5. Central Statistics Agency. (2025). [New method] School length expectation (year), 2020–2024. Retrieved October 30, 2025.
  6. Central Statistics Agency. (2025). Number of poor population (thousand people) by province and region 2015–2024. Retrieved May 26, 2025.
  7. BPS Meranti Islands Regency. (2025). Average school length data, per capita GDP and unemployment of Meranti Islands Regency in 2010–2024. Central Statistics Agency of Meranti Islands Regency.
  8. BPS Riau Province. (2015). Riau Province in numbers in 2015 (pp. 92–97). BPS Riau Province.
  9. BPS Riau Province. (2024). Number of population by regency/city (jiwa) in 2020–2023. Retrieved October 30, 2025.
  10. BPS Riau Province. (2025). Gross regional domestic product per capita on the basis of constant prices 2010 by regency/city in Riau Province (thousand rupiah) 2015–2024. Retrieved May 26, 2025.
  11. BPS Riau Province. (2025). Number of poor population by regency/city (thousand people) 2015–2024. Retrieved May 26, 2025.
  12. BPS Riau Province. (2025). Number of unemployed by regency/city (jiwa) 2015–2024. Retrieved May 26, 2025.
  13. BPS Riau Province. (2025). Poverty line by regency/city (Rp/capita/month) 2015–2024. Retrieved May 26, 2025.
  14. Dama, H., Lapian, A., & Sumual, J. (2016). The influence of gross regional domestic product (GDP) on poverty levels in Manado City (2005–2014). Journal of Scientific Efficiency Periodical, 16(3), 549–561.
  15. Damanik, R., & Sidauruk, S. (2020). The influence of population and GDP on poverty in North Sumatra Province. Journal Name Not Provided, 28(3), 358–368.
  16. Duarsa, F., & Wijaya, R. (2023). Analysis of the influence of per capita expenditure, RLS, AHH, and number of population on inequality in income distribution. Journal Name Not Provided, 8(2), 117–124.
  17. Faizah, U., & Woyanti, N. (2023). Analysis of the influence of education, work participation, and minimum wage on unemployment in Banten Province in 2011–2020. BISECER: Business Economic Entrepreneurship, 6(1), 48–61.
  18. Fatimah. (2021). The effect of population, per capita income and unemployment on poverty levels in North Sumatra Province.
  19. Fatmasari, Y. (2018). The influence of GDP, education and unemployment on poverty in East Java in 2006–2015. FEB Student Scientific Journal, 6(1).
  20. Franita, R., & Fuady, A. (2019). Analysis of unemployment in Indonesia. Nusantara: Journal of Social Sciences, 2, 88–93.
  21. Gionvanni, R. (2018). Analysis of the influence of GDP, unemployment and education on poverty levels in Java Island in 2009–2016. Economics Development Analysis Journal, 7(1), 23–31. http://journal.unnes.ac.id/sju/index.php/edaj
  22. Goni, N., Kalangi, J., & Tolosang, K. (2022). The effect of government expenditure and human development index on poverty levels in Southeast Minahasa Regency. Journal of Scientific Periodic Efficiency, 22(5), 121–132.
  23. Handayani, A. (2018). The influence of education, health and unemployment on poverty levels in Bojonegoro Regency in 2002–2015. EKKIS Journal, 19(1), 1024–1038.
  24. Hapsari, R. (2019). Analysis of the influence of human development index, per capita income and investment on poverty in Lampung Province in the perspective of Islamic economics in 2010–2018.
  25. Hasanah, R., Syaparuddin, & Rosmeli. (2021). The effect of life expectancy, average school length and per capita expenditure on poverty rates in regencies/cities in Jambi Province. E-Journal of Economic and Regional Development Perspectives, 10(3), 223–232.
  26. Hermawan, A., & Bahjatulloh, Q. (2022). The influence of gross regional domestic product (GDP), education and unemployment on poverty levels with zakat as a moderation variable in Indonesia in 2016–2020. El-Amwal: Journal of Sharia Economics and Finance, 5(1), 1–16.
  27. Islami, N., & Anis, A. (2019). The effect of provincial minimum wage, education and health on poverty in Indonesia. Journal of Economic and Development Studies, 1(3), 939–948.
  28. Isyandi, B. (2009). Growth and changes in the economic structure of Riau Province. University of Riau.
  29. Isyandi, B., & Mauilda, Y. (2020). Macroeconomic theory. Unilak Press.
  30. Isyandi, B., & Trihatmoko, R. A. (2022). An analysis of regional economic performance of Riau on the capital expenditure budget: A study of Indonesian territorial economics. Journal Name Not Provided, 9(2), 33–45.
  31. Joseph, C. (2020). Analysis of factors affecting the absolute poverty level of fishermen in Latuhalat Village, Ambon City. Journal Name Not Provided, 14(1), 54–67.
  32. Kartiningrum, E., et al. (2022). Application of regression and correlation in the analysis of research results. STIKES Majapahit.
  33. Kuncoro, M. (2006). Development economics. Salemba Four.
  34. Lindrianti, N. (2022). The effect of regional original income (PAD) and allocation of funds from the center on the poverty level in D. I. Yogyakarta Province in 2015–2020. Diponegoro Journal of Economics, 11(1), 46–56.
  35. Mahsunah, D. (n.d.). Analysis of the influence of population, education and unemployment on poverty in East Java. Journal Name Not Provided, 1–17.
  36. Manalu, S., et al. (2023). Analysis of the effect of GDP growth rate, per capita GDP and Gini ratio on the poverty level of Central Java Province in 2013–2022. Scientific Journal of Financial and Business Accounting, 4(2), 237–253.
  37. Maryozi, Z., Isyandi, B., & Aulia, A. F. (2022). The effect of education, health and road infrastructure expenditure on the human development index (HDI) in Riau Province. Journal Name Not Provided, 15(1), 1–11.
  38. Meranti Islands Regency Population and Civil Registration Office. (2025). Number of population based on education at the end of 2019–2023. Retrieved October 22, 2025.
  39. Nadya, A., & Syafira. (2019). The influence of economic growth, education and unemployment on inequality in income distribution in Indonesia. Economic Media, 27(1), 37–52.
  40. Nizar, F., & Arif, M. (2023). The influence of average school length, per capita expenditure, regional original income, investment, open unemployment rate on poverty rates in West Nusa Tenggara in 2012–2021. COMMITMENT: Scientific Journal of Management, 4(1), 48–58.
  41. Nurahmi, A., et al. (2024). Analysis of factors affecting educated unemployment on the Island of Java. SINARS, 28–38.
  42. Nurkholis, A. (2018). Human resource development theory: Human capital theory, human investment theory, human development theory, sustainable development theory, people centered development theory. Journal Name Not Provided, 1–16.
  43. Panggabean, R. (2019). Factors affecting poverty in the Province of the Special Region of Yogyakarta in 2011–2018: Case study of regencies/cities of the Special Region of Yogyakarta.
  44. Paramita, A., & Purbadharmaja, I. (2015). The influence of investment and unemployment on economic growth and poverty in Bali Province. E-Journal EP Unud, 4(1), 1194–1218.
  45. Permana, A., & Arianti, F. (2012). Analysis of the influence of GDP, unemployment, education, and health on poverty in Central Java in 2004–2009. Diponegoro Journal of Economics, 1(1), 1–8. http://ejournal-s1.undip.ac.id/index.php/jme
  46. Prasetyoningrum, A., & Sukmawati, U. (2018). Analysis of the influence of human development index (HDI), economic growth and unemployment on poverty in Indonesia. EQUILIBRIUM: Journal of Sharia Economics, 6(2), 217–240. http://journal.stainkudus.ac.id/index.php/equilibrium
  47. Qausar, N., & Aminda, R. (2022). Determinants of open unemployment rate in districts/cities of Riau Islands Province. Journal of Development Economic and Digitalization, 1(1), 38–50.
  48. Rachmawati, M. (2020). The contribution of the MSME sector to poverty alleviation efforts in Indonesia. Intellectual: Journal of Economics, Social & Humanities, 1(7), 1–13.
  49. Rafiqi, A. (2020). The effect of average school length, real expenditure per capita, economic growth and unemployment on the poverty rate in D. I. Yogyakarta Province.
  50. Riani, I., & Iryani, N. (2023). Analysis of the influence of government spending, exports, and gross fixed capital formation on economic growth in West Sumatra. Journal of Economic Development Economics, 5(2), 195–205.
  51. Rohmah, I., & Prakoso, J. (2022). The influence of IPM, RLS, TPT, and per capita expenditure on poverty in West Java Province. Transeconomy: Accounting, Business and Finance, 2(6), 255–266. https://transpublika.co.id/ojs/index.php/Transekonomika
  52. Sari, E. (2022). Analysis of the influence of per capita GDP, average school length, per capita expenditure, and regency/city minimum wage on the number of poor people: A panel study in Central Java Province in 2018–2020.
  53. Sari, I., Tampubolon, D., & Sari, L. (2023). Determinants of poverty in Meranti Islands Regency. Journal of Industry and Urbanization, 19(1), 100–108.
  54. Sayifullah, & Gandasari, T. (2016). The effect of human development index and unemployment on poverty in Banten Province. Journal of Economics-Qu, 6(2), 115–273.
  55. Septiani, W., Zamzami, & Mustika, C. (2019). Analysis of the influence of per capita income and capital expenditure on the poverty level on the Island of Sumatra. E-Journal of Economic Perspective and Regional Development, 8(3), 135–148.
  56. Sevinda, T. (2019). Analysis of the influence of average school length, per capita income, purchasing power parity, and inflation on the number of poor people in regencies/cities in Central Java in 2015–2017.
  57. Simbolon, R., Rotinsula, T., & Sumual, J. (2024). The effect of gross regional domestic product, population, human development index, and open unemployment rate on poverty levels in North Tapanuli Regency. Journal of Scientific Periodical Efficiency, 24(4), 16–28.
  58. Sumanta, J. (2005). The phenomenon of the poverty circle: Regional econometric analysis. Journal of Economic Policy, 1(2), 159–179.
  59. Supit, Q., Kalangi, J., & Tamangkeng, S. (2023). The influence of economic growth, human development index (HDI), and unemployment on poverty in Minahasa Regency. Journal of Scientific Efficiency Periodical, 23(1), 73–84.
  60. Surbakti, S., Muchtar, M., & Sihombing, P. (2023). Analysis of the influence of education level on poverty in Indonesia for the 2015–2021 period. Ecoplan, 6(1), 37–45.
  61. Syahrullah, D. (2014). Analysis of the influence of gross regional domestic product (GDP), education, and unemployment on poverty in Banten Province in 2009–2012.
  62. Takasaping, S., Rotinsulu, T., & Naukoko, A. (2023). Analysis of the influence of economic growth, per capita GDP and social assistance spending on poverty rates in Sangihe Islands Regency. Journal of Scientific Efficiency Periodical, 23(10), 97–108.
  63. Usman, U., & Dimarita. (2018). The influence of population, unemployment and economic growth on poverty in Riau Islands Province. Journal Name Not Provided, 1(2), 46–52.
  64. Wani, N., Suharno, & Arintoko. (2020). Mediating economic growth with poverty: A case study of the Province of the Special Region of Yogyakarta. Economist: Journal of Economics and Development Studies, 20(1), 88–100.
  65. Yanti, E., Indrawati, L., & Prasetyo, P. (2010). Analysis of the influence of PMTB, government consumption expenditure and poverty on HDI in Indonesia for the period 2010–2018. Journal of Dynamics, 2(3), 632–646.
  66. Zulkifli. (2016). The effect of regional minimum wage (UMR) and the contribution of the industrial sector to inequality in income distribution in South Sulawesi. EcceS, 3(2), 90–106.