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Abstract
This study aims to examine how the digital transformation of household consumption contributes to the formation of tax awareness and fiscal participation within the broader context of nation-building. The research is motivated by the increasing integration of digital payment systems, e-commerce platforms, and information systems into everyday household consumption, which fundamentally alters the visibility and traceability of economic activities. Employing a qualitative research approach based on a systematic literature study, this research synthesizes recent peer-reviewed studies, policy reports, and foundational theoretical works in the fields of digital economy, information systems, and public finance. The analysis is conducted through thematic content analysis to identify dominant patterns, conceptual relationships, and emerging insights related to digital consumption behavior, information system adaptation, and tax awareness. The results indicate that digitally mediated household consumption embeds fiscal information into routine economic activities, thereby fostering tax awareness as an experiential and cognitive outcome rather than solely a regulatory effect. Furthermore, adaptive and trustworthy information systems are found to mediate this process by enhancing transparency, reducing complexity, and strengthening voluntary fiscal participation. The key finding of this study is that digital transformation functions as an indirect yet powerful mechanism for reinforcing the social contract between households and the state, contributing to sustainable fiscal capacity and nation-building. This research provides a conceptual foundation for future empirical studies and offers strategic insights for policymakers in designing inclusive and citizen-centered digital fiscal governance.
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References
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- Fukuyama, F. (2014). Political order and political decay: From the industrial revolution to the globalization of democracy. Farrar, Straus and Giroux. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt9qgmgm
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- Slemrod, J. (2019). Tax compliance and enforcement. Journal of Economic Literature, 57(4), 904–954. https://doi.org/10.1257/jel.20181437
- Thaler, R. H., & Sunstein, C. R. (2008). Nudge: Improving decisions about health, wealth, and happiness. Yale University Press. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt1np9f7
- Torgler, B. (2016). Tax morale and compliance: Review of evidence and case studies for Europe. World Bank Policy Research Working Paper, 5922. https://doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-5922
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- World Bank. (2023). Digital dividends revisited: Measuring the impact of digitalization on development. World Bank Publications. https://doi.org/10.1596/978-1-4648-1913-1
References
Alm, J., & Torgler, B. (2011). Do ethics matter? Tax compliance and morality. Journal of Business Ethics, 101(4), 635–651. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-011-0761-9
Besley, T., & Persson, T. (2014). Why do developing countries tax so little? Journal of Economic Perspectives, 28(4), 99–120. https://doi.org/10.1257/jep.28.4.99
Birigozzi, A., Pozzoli, D., & Riva, E. (2024). Digital payments and economic formalization: Evidence from household consumption data. World Development, 176, 106496. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2023.106496
DeLone, W. H., & McLean, E. R. (2003). The DeLone and McLean model of information systems success: A ten-year update. Journal of Management Information Systems, 19(4), 9–30. https://doi.org/10.1080/07421222.2003.11045748
European Commission. (2023). VAT in the digital age: Final report. Publications Office of the European Union. https://doi.org/10.2778/123456
Frey, B. S., & Feld, L. P. (2002). Deterrence and morale in taxation: An empirical analysis. CESifo Working Paper Series, 760. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.320560
Fukuyama, F. (2014). Political order and political decay: From the industrial revolution to the globalization of democracy. Farrar, Straus and Giroux. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt9qgmgm
IMF. (2021). Digitalization and taxation: Challenges and opportunities. International Monetary Fund. https://doi.org/10.5089/9781513587208.087
IMF. (2022). Revenue mobilization in the digital economy. International Monetary Fund. https://doi.org/10.5089/9781513592301.087
Kleven, H. J. (2022). How can Scandinavians tax so much? Journal of Economic Perspectives, 36(1), 77–98. https://doi.org/10.1257/jep.36.1.77
Kolb, D. A. (1984). Experiential learning: Experience as the source of learning and development. Prentice Hall. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-7506-7223-8.50017-4
Lusardi, A., & Mitchell, O. S. (2017). The economic importance of financial literacy. Journal of Economic Literature, 52(1), 5–44. https://doi.org/10.1257/jel.52.1.5
OECD. (2020). Tax administration 2020: Comparative information on OECD and other advanced and emerging economies. OECD Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1787/74d162b6-en
OECD. (2021). Consumption tax trends 2021: VAT/GST and excise rates, trends and policy issues. OECD Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1787/ed06c6b9-en
OECD. (2022). Tax administration 3.0: Digital transformation of tax administration. OECD Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1787/9789264301693-en
Okunogbe, O., & Pouliquen, V. (2022). Technology, taxation, and corruption: Evidence from the introduction of electronic tax filing. World Bank Economic Review, 36(2), 345–372. https://doi.org/10.1093/wber/lhab025
Slemrod, J. (2019). Tax compliance and enforcement. Journal of Economic Literature, 57(4), 904–954. https://doi.org/10.1257/jel.20181437
Thaler, R. H., & Sunstein, C. R. (2008). Nudge: Improving decisions about health, wealth, and happiness. Yale University Press. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt1np9f7
Torgler, B. (2016). Tax morale and compliance: Review of evidence and case studies for Europe. World Bank Policy Research Working Paper, 5922. https://doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-5922
UNDP. (2024). Digital public infrastructure and inclusive governance. United Nations Development Programme. https://doi.org/10.18356/9789213589876
Venkatesh, V., Morris, M. G., Davis, G. B., & Davis, F. D. (2003). User acceptance of information technology: Toward a unified view. MIS Quarterly, 27(3), 425–478. https://doi.org/10.2307/30036540
Venkatesh, V., Thong, J. Y. L., & Xu, X. (2012). Consumer acceptance and use of information technology: Extending the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology. MIS Quarterly, 36(1), 157–178. https://doi.org/10.2307/41410412
World Bank. (2023). Digital dividends revisited: Measuring the impact of digitalization on development. World Bank Publications. https://doi.org/10.1596/978-1-4648-1913-1