Main Article Content
Abstract
Customer satisfaction is a crucial indicator of public transportation service performance. For TransJakarta buses, satisfaction is shaped by service quality, price, facilities, and safety. This study aims to analyze the influence of these four variables on customer satisfaction, examining both partial and simultaneous effects. A quantitative approach was used with explanatory research methods. Data were collected through a Likert scale questionnaire (1–5) distributed to 200 TransJakarta bus users in the DKI Jakarta area. The analysis techniques included validity and reliability tests, classical assumptions, multiple linear regression, t-tests, F-tests, and the coefficient of determination (Adjusted R²). The results indicate that price, facilities, and safety have a significant impact on customer satisfaction, whereas service quality does not exhibit a significant influence. Simultaneously, the four variables significantly influence customer satisfaction with a model contribution of 51.2% to the variability of satisfaction. These findings underscore the importance of implementing competitive fare management policies, enhancing facility quality, and strengthening the security system to maintain and enhance customer loyalty. Practically, this study encourages TransJakarta management to prioritize price, facilities, and safety as strategies for service improvement. Theoretically, the results contribute to transportation service management literature by showing that, in low-cost public transport contexts, price and facilities may exert greater influence on satisfaction than service quality.
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References
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- Alahakoon, L., Černeckienė, J., Jansons, L. & Tekshan, W.M.M. (2025). A New Approach to Infrastructure Development in Sri Lanka’s Urban Areas. Baltic Journal of Real Estate Economics and Construction Management, 13(1), 2025. 68–79. https://doi.org/10.2478/bjreecm-2025-0006
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- Alsaleh, N. & Farooq, B. (2023). Sustainability Analysis Framework for On-Demand Public Transit Systems. arXiv; Cornell University. https://arxiv.org/abs/2303.06007
- Anderson, D. R., et al. (2016). Statistics for Business & Economics 13E. South-Western: Cengage Learning.
- Arifah, S., & Hidayah, R. (2021). Pedestrian Perception Based on Sidewalk Level of Convenience at Pemuda Street. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 832(1), 12004. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/832/1/012004
- Ariyani, A., & Fauzi, A. (2023). Pengaruh Harga, Lokasi dan Kualitas Layanan Terhadap Kepuasan Konsumen. Jurnal Ekonomi Dan Manajemen, 2(2), 23–28. https://doi.org/10.56127/jekma.v2i2.710
- Astuti, D., Heryati, Y., & Hajjad, M. N. (2024). The Effect of Service Quality and Passenger Fares on Consumer Decisions Using DAMRI Buses. Golden Ratio of Marketing and Applied Psychology of Business, 4(2), 177–183. https://doi.org/10.52970/grmapb.v4i2.682
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- Boemiya, H., & Surur, M. (2022). Implementasi Standar Pelayanan Minimal Bus Antar Kota Dan Antar Provinsi Di Terminal Purabaya Tahun 2021. Jurnal Pamator: Jurnal Ilmiah Universitas Trunojoyo, 15(2), 104-121. https://doi.org/10.21107/pamator.v15i2.18896
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- Friman, M., Lättman, K., & Olsson, L. E. (2020). Public Transport Quality, Safety, and Perceived Accessibility. Sustainability, 12(9), 3563. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12093563
- Hariyanto, O. I. B., & Rukmandiana, J. (2022). Analisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kualitas layanan dan dampaknya terhadap kepuasan pengunjung. Jurnal Inspirasi Bisnis Dan Manajemen, 6(1), 101–114. https://doi.org/10.33603/jibm.v6i1.5162
- Harsritanto, B. I. R., Jamila, R. F., & Villianggie, A. (2020). Evaluation of Transemarang Shelters on Diponegoro University Campus Area. Civil Engineering and Architecture, 8(4), 483 - 489. https://dx.doi.org/10.13189/cea.2020.080411
- Henmaidi, J. & Yenny, H. (2020). Evaluation of Service Quality of Public Transportation (Case Study of Trans Padang). IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 1003(1), 12030. https://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/1003/1/012030
- Ilyas, B. G., & Mustafa, H. (2022). Price, Promotion, and Supporting Facilities on Customer Satisfaction. Golden Ratio of Marketing and Applied Psychology of Business, 2(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.52970/grmapb.v2i1.65
- Liu, S., & Putro, U.S. (2024). Passenger Service Satisfaction Evaluation of Jakarta-Bandung High-Speed Railway. European Journal of Business and Management Research, 9(4), 115–126. https://doi.org/10.24018/ejbmr.2024.9.4.2432
- Maheng, D., Pathirana, A., & Zevenbergen, C. (2021). A Preliminary Study on the Impact of Landscape Pattern Changes Due to Urbanization: Case Study of Jakarta, Indonesia. Land, 10(2), 218. https://doi.org/10.3390/land10020218
- Mers, B., Watkins, K., & Hunter, M. (2023). Demographic Breakdown of Transit Rider Satisfaction. Transportation Research Record, 2678(6), 656–666. https://doi.org/10.1177/03611981231198836
- Noorsyah, M. N., Widyaningsih, A., & Andriana, D. (2024). Pricing Strategy and Service Quality Improvement to Optimize Customer Satisfaction: a Systematic Literature Review. International Journal of Business, Law, and Education, 5(2), 2827 - 2837. https://doi.org/10.56442/ijble.v5i2.935
- Nurcahyo, R., Farizal, F., Arifianto, B. M. I., & Habiburrahman, M. (2020). Mass Rapid Transit Operation and Maintenance Cost Calculation Model. Journal of Advanced Transportation, 2020(1), 7645142. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/7645142
- Nurhasan, H., & Putro, U. S. (2021). An Analysis of Consumer Behaviors in Choosing Public Transportation. Journal of Indonesian Applied Economics (JIAE), 9(2), 17-26. https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.jiae.009.02.3
- Pelangi, E. T., Situmorang, R., Levara, J. C., & Taki, H. M. (2021). Satisfaction level of intermodal public transport passengers at Duri Station, Jakarta, Indonesia. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 737(1), 12053. https://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/737/1/012053
- Pradonoputro, T. P. B., & Kozo, O. (2021). Understanding Commuters’ Motivation for Transportation Choice: A Case Study of Greater Jakarta. Jurnal Manajemen Transportasi & Logistik (JMTRANSLOG), 8(1), 91-105. http://dx.doi.org/10.54324/j.mtl.v8i1.507
- Rahardja, S. (2022). Quantification of the Parameters for Motorized Vehicle Traffic at Jalan Jenderal Sudirman, Central Jakarta. Journal of Science and Technology, 6(1), 92-102. https://doi.org/10.19166/jstfast.v6i1.5362
- Rahayu, A., Suripno, Suhalis, A., Ricardianto, P., & Fachrial, P. (2022). Peningkatan Kepuasan Pelanggan Melalui Pengawasan Petugas TransJakarta. Jurnal Manajemen Transportasi & Logistik (JMTRANSLOG), 9(3), 201-210. http://dx.doi.org/10.54324/j.mtl.v9i3.736
- Rahmi, N. A., & Ridhaningsi, F. (2025). Service Quality and Innovation as Drivers of Customer Loyalty: The Mediating Role of Customer Satisfaction in the Context of Indonesian Railways. Golden Ratio of Marketing and Applied Psychology of Business, 6(1), 202–216. https://doi.org/10.52970/grmapb.v6i1.1327
- Ramadhan, A. W., Wibowo, A., & Saraswati, R. (2021). Spatial Patterns of Carbon Monoxide Distribution to Traffic Jam in East Jakarta. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 940(1), 12010. https://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/940/1/012010
- Rohmadhon, M. R. (2024). Analisis Kualitas Pelayanan pada Pengguna Transportasi Bus Transjakarta. (Diploma Thesis, Universitas Negeri Jakarta). http://repository.unj.ac.id/46538/
- Safrida. (2023). The Effects of Service Quality and Customer Satisfaction on Bus Ticket Prices of PT. Chandra. Multidisciplinary Output Research for Actual and International Issues (MORFAI), 3(2), 338–349. https://doi.org/10.54443/morfai.v3i2.890
- Sani, S. A., & Muslim, M. A. (2025). Collaborative Governance in Minimizing Traffic Accidents: Study on the Role of Pentahelix in East Aceh Regency, Indonesia. Golden Ratio of Social Science and Education, 5(1), 245–251. https://doi.org/10.52970/grsse.v5i1.1204
- Sibarani, E. D. R., & Silitonga, P. (2025). The Influence of Location, Service Quality, and Price Perception on Customer Satisfaction: The Mediating Role of Brand Image. Golden Ratio of Marketing and Applied Psychology of Business, 5(2), 539–553. https://doi.org/10.52970/grmapb.v5i2.1184
- Silver, K., Lopes, A., Vale, D., & da Costa, N. M. (2023). The Inequality Effects of Public Transport Fare: The Case of Lisbon's Fare Reform. Journal of Transport Geography, 112(2023), 103685. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2023.103685.
- Sinaga, N., Manalu, D., & Simangunsong, R. M. (2024). The Influence of Service Quality and Promotions on Consumer Decision to Use Service Transportation online Gojek. Golden Ratio of Data in Summary, 4(2), 256–261. https://doi.org/10.52970/grdis.v4i2.545
- Sitorus, A. M. H. (2022). Sistem Transportasi Terintegrasi di DKI Jakarta: Analisis Transformasi Berkeadilan Sosial. Jurnal Sosiologi Andalas, 8(1), 31–41. https://doi.org/10.25077/jsa.8.1.31-41.2022
- Sugiyono. (2020). Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif, Kualitatif dan Kombinasi (Mixed Methods). Bandung : Alfabeta.
- Tharmalingam, S. D., Mei Ling, S., Vija-Kumaran, V., Kalimuthu, K. V., & Nodeson, S. (2022). Customer Satisfaction on Public Transportation in Penang, Malaysia. INTI Journal, 2022. Retrieved from https://iuojs.intimal.edu.my/index.php/intijournal/article/view/157
- Wibowo, V. A., Atmini, N. D., & Yulianto, H. (2025). Persepsi Harga dan Kualitas Layanan Terhadap Kepuasan Pelanggan BRT Trans Jateng Semarang–Grobogan. Wawasan: Jurnal Ilmu Manajemen, Ekonomi dan Kewirausahan, 3(1), 58-70. https://doi.org/10.58192/wawasan.v3i1.2776
References
A’rachman, F. R., Setiawan, C., Warnadi, Insani, N., & Hijrawadi, S. N. (2022). Spatial Analysis of Public Transportation Accessibility for Pedestrians in Central Jakarta. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 1039(1), 12044. https://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1039/1/012044
Ab. Karim, S. N., Mustafa, M., Haron, S., & Rusli, R. (2024). Service Quality Attributes Affecting The Satisfaction of KTM Komuter Services. Transportation Planning and Technology, 48(1), 131–152. https://doi.org/10.1080/03081060.2024.2331208
Affif, A. M. (2021). Pengaruh Desain Fasilitas Halte terhadap Kepuasan Pengguna Bus Trans Metro Deli. RUANG: Jurnal Lingkungan Binaan, 8(2), 137-150. https://doi.org/10.24843/JRS.2021.v08.i02.p05
Alahakoon, L., Černeckienė, J., Jansons, L. & Tekshan, W.M.M. (2025). A New Approach to Infrastructure Development in Sri Lanka’s Urban Areas. Baltic Journal of Real Estate Economics and Construction Management, 13(1), 2025. 68–79. https://doi.org/10.2478/bjreecm-2025-0006
Alford, S., & Teater, B. (2025). "14: Quantitative research". In Handbook of Research Methods in Social Work. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar Publishing. Retrieved Aug 11, 2025, from https://doi.org/10.4337/9781035310173.00023
Alsaleh, N. & Farooq, B. (2023). Sustainability Analysis Framework for On-Demand Public Transit Systems. arXiv; Cornell University. https://arxiv.org/abs/2303.06007
Anderson, D. R., et al. (2016). Statistics for Business & Economics 13E. South-Western: Cengage Learning.
Arifah, S., & Hidayah, R. (2021). Pedestrian Perception Based on Sidewalk Level of Convenience at Pemuda Street. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 832(1), 12004. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/832/1/012004
Ariyani, A., & Fauzi, A. (2023). Pengaruh Harga, Lokasi dan Kualitas Layanan Terhadap Kepuasan Konsumen. Jurnal Ekonomi Dan Manajemen, 2(2), 23–28. https://doi.org/10.56127/jekma.v2i2.710
Astuti, D., Heryati, Y., & Hajjad, M. N. (2024). The Effect of Service Quality and Passenger Fares on Consumer Decisions Using DAMRI Buses. Golden Ratio of Marketing and Applied Psychology of Business, 4(2), 177–183. https://doi.org/10.52970/grmapb.v4i2.682
Badan Pusat Statistik Provinsi DKI Jakarta. (2025). Jumlah Penumpang Bus Transjakarta Menurut Bulan - Tabel Statistik (1 November 2024). https://jakarta.bps.go.id/id/statistics-table/2/MTMyNCMy/jumlah-penumpang-bus-transjakarta-menurut-bulan.html
Badriyah, N., & Kuswanto, A. (2023). Pengaruh Kualitas Layanan, Akses, Harga, dan Kompetensi Karyawan Terhadap Kepuasan Pelanggan PT Kereta Api Indonesia. Cakrawala Repositori IMWI, 6(1), 420-442. https://doi.org/10.52851/cakrawala.v6i1.249
Boemiya, H., & Surur, M. (2022). Implementasi Standar Pelayanan Minimal Bus Antar Kota Dan Antar Provinsi Di Terminal Purabaya Tahun 2021. Jurnal Pamator: Jurnal Ilmiah Universitas Trunojoyo, 15(2), 104-121. https://doi.org/10.21107/pamator.v15i2.18896
Bokings, S. H., Nurmandi, A., & Loilatu, M. J. (2020). How Twitter Works in Public Transportation: A Case Study of Bus Rapid Transit in Jakarta and Semarang. CommIT (Communication and Information Technology) Journal, 14(2), 53–63. https://doi.org/10.21512/commit.v14i2.6400
Budi, W., & Rofid, F. (2020). Evaluating the Performance of Transjakarta Bus Stops and Road Section Facilities on the Route Pondok Gede-Pulogadung. IJTI International Journal of Transportation and Infrastructure EISSN 2597-4769 PISSN 2597-4734, 3(2), 109-120. https://doi.org/10.29138/ijti.v3i2.1062
Ceccato, V., Sundling, C. & Gliori, G. (2024). What Makes A Railway Station Safe and For Whom? The Impact of Transit Environments on Passengers’ Victimisation and Safety Perceptions. Eur. Transp. Res. Rev. 16(21). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12544-024-00641-5
Devi, M. K., Pramana, A. Y. E., & Safitri, R. (2022). Studi Komparatif Performa Angkutan BRT Transjogja dan Transjakarta. Jurnal Pengembangan Kota, 10(1), 93-103. https://doi.org/10.14710/jpk.10.1.93-103
Friman, M., Lättman, K., & Olsson, L. E. (2020). Public Transport Quality, Safety, and Perceived Accessibility. Sustainability, 12(9), 3563. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12093563
Hariyanto, O. I. B., & Rukmandiana, J. (2022). Analisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kualitas layanan dan dampaknya terhadap kepuasan pengunjung. Jurnal Inspirasi Bisnis Dan Manajemen, 6(1), 101–114. https://doi.org/10.33603/jibm.v6i1.5162
Harsritanto, B. I. R., Jamila, R. F., & Villianggie, A. (2020). Evaluation of Transemarang Shelters on Diponegoro University Campus Area. Civil Engineering and Architecture, 8(4), 483 - 489. https://dx.doi.org/10.13189/cea.2020.080411
Henmaidi, J. & Yenny, H. (2020). Evaluation of Service Quality of Public Transportation (Case Study of Trans Padang). IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 1003(1), 12030. https://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/1003/1/012030
Ilyas, B. G., & Mustafa, H. (2022). Price, Promotion, and Supporting Facilities on Customer Satisfaction. Golden Ratio of Marketing and Applied Psychology of Business, 2(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.52970/grmapb.v2i1.65
Liu, S., & Putro, U.S. (2024). Passenger Service Satisfaction Evaluation of Jakarta-Bandung High-Speed Railway. European Journal of Business and Management Research, 9(4), 115–126. https://doi.org/10.24018/ejbmr.2024.9.4.2432
Maheng, D., Pathirana, A., & Zevenbergen, C. (2021). A Preliminary Study on the Impact of Landscape Pattern Changes Due to Urbanization: Case Study of Jakarta, Indonesia. Land, 10(2), 218. https://doi.org/10.3390/land10020218
Mers, B., Watkins, K., & Hunter, M. (2023). Demographic Breakdown of Transit Rider Satisfaction. Transportation Research Record, 2678(6), 656–666. https://doi.org/10.1177/03611981231198836
Noorsyah, M. N., Widyaningsih, A., & Andriana, D. (2024). Pricing Strategy and Service Quality Improvement to Optimize Customer Satisfaction: a Systematic Literature Review. International Journal of Business, Law, and Education, 5(2), 2827 - 2837. https://doi.org/10.56442/ijble.v5i2.935
Nurcahyo, R., Farizal, F., Arifianto, B. M. I., & Habiburrahman, M. (2020). Mass Rapid Transit Operation and Maintenance Cost Calculation Model. Journal of Advanced Transportation, 2020(1), 7645142. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/7645142
Nurhasan, H., & Putro, U. S. (2021). An Analysis of Consumer Behaviors in Choosing Public Transportation. Journal of Indonesian Applied Economics (JIAE), 9(2), 17-26. https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.jiae.009.02.3
Pelangi, E. T., Situmorang, R., Levara, J. C., & Taki, H. M. (2021). Satisfaction level of intermodal public transport passengers at Duri Station, Jakarta, Indonesia. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 737(1), 12053. https://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/737/1/012053
Pradonoputro, T. P. B., & Kozo, O. (2021). Understanding Commuters’ Motivation for Transportation Choice: A Case Study of Greater Jakarta. Jurnal Manajemen Transportasi & Logistik (JMTRANSLOG), 8(1), 91-105. http://dx.doi.org/10.54324/j.mtl.v8i1.507
Rahardja, S. (2022). Quantification of the Parameters for Motorized Vehicle Traffic at Jalan Jenderal Sudirman, Central Jakarta. Journal of Science and Technology, 6(1), 92-102. https://doi.org/10.19166/jstfast.v6i1.5362
Rahayu, A., Suripno, Suhalis, A., Ricardianto, P., & Fachrial, P. (2022). Peningkatan Kepuasan Pelanggan Melalui Pengawasan Petugas TransJakarta. Jurnal Manajemen Transportasi & Logistik (JMTRANSLOG), 9(3), 201-210. http://dx.doi.org/10.54324/j.mtl.v9i3.736
Rahmi, N. A., & Ridhaningsi, F. (2025). Service Quality and Innovation as Drivers of Customer Loyalty: The Mediating Role of Customer Satisfaction in the Context of Indonesian Railways. Golden Ratio of Marketing and Applied Psychology of Business, 6(1), 202–216. https://doi.org/10.52970/grmapb.v6i1.1327
Ramadhan, A. W., Wibowo, A., & Saraswati, R. (2021). Spatial Patterns of Carbon Monoxide Distribution to Traffic Jam in East Jakarta. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 940(1), 12010. https://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/940/1/012010
Rohmadhon, M. R. (2024). Analisis Kualitas Pelayanan pada Pengguna Transportasi Bus Transjakarta. (Diploma Thesis, Universitas Negeri Jakarta). http://repository.unj.ac.id/46538/
Safrida. (2023). The Effects of Service Quality and Customer Satisfaction on Bus Ticket Prices of PT. Chandra. Multidisciplinary Output Research for Actual and International Issues (MORFAI), 3(2), 338–349. https://doi.org/10.54443/morfai.v3i2.890
Sani, S. A., & Muslim, M. A. (2025). Collaborative Governance in Minimizing Traffic Accidents: Study on the Role of Pentahelix in East Aceh Regency, Indonesia. Golden Ratio of Social Science and Education, 5(1), 245–251. https://doi.org/10.52970/grsse.v5i1.1204
Sibarani, E. D. R., & Silitonga, P. (2025). The Influence of Location, Service Quality, and Price Perception on Customer Satisfaction: The Mediating Role of Brand Image. Golden Ratio of Marketing and Applied Psychology of Business, 5(2), 539–553. https://doi.org/10.52970/grmapb.v5i2.1184
Silver, K., Lopes, A., Vale, D., & da Costa, N. M. (2023). The Inequality Effects of Public Transport Fare: The Case of Lisbon's Fare Reform. Journal of Transport Geography, 112(2023), 103685. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2023.103685.
Sinaga, N., Manalu, D., & Simangunsong, R. M. (2024). The Influence of Service Quality and Promotions on Consumer Decision to Use Service Transportation online Gojek. Golden Ratio of Data in Summary, 4(2), 256–261. https://doi.org/10.52970/grdis.v4i2.545
Sitorus, A. M. H. (2022). Sistem Transportasi Terintegrasi di DKI Jakarta: Analisis Transformasi Berkeadilan Sosial. Jurnal Sosiologi Andalas, 8(1), 31–41. https://doi.org/10.25077/jsa.8.1.31-41.2022
Sugiyono. (2020). Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif, Kualitatif dan Kombinasi (Mixed Methods). Bandung : Alfabeta.
Tharmalingam, S. D., Mei Ling, S., Vija-Kumaran, V., Kalimuthu, K. V., & Nodeson, S. (2022). Customer Satisfaction on Public Transportation in Penang, Malaysia. INTI Journal, 2022. Retrieved from https://iuojs.intimal.edu.my/index.php/intijournal/article/view/157
Wibowo, V. A., Atmini, N. D., & Yulianto, H. (2025). Persepsi Harga dan Kualitas Layanan Terhadap Kepuasan Pelanggan BRT Trans Jateng Semarang–Grobogan. Wawasan: Jurnal Ilmu Manajemen, Ekonomi dan Kewirausahan, 3(1), 58-70. https://doi.org/10.58192/wawasan.v3i1.2776