Main Article Content
Abstract
In the era of digital transformation and empowered consumers, co-creation and crowdsourced innovation have emerged as strategic approaches to enhance consumer loyalty. This study aims to explore the extent to which consumer participation in co-creation and crowdsourced innovation initiatives influences brand loyalty, particularly within the Indonesian market context. Employing a descriptive quantitative methodology, the research collected data through structured online surveys administered to a diverse sample of consumers who had previously engaged in co-creative or crowdsourced brand activities. The study investigates the prevalence and types of participation, perceived value outcomes, and correlations with loyalty indicators such as trust, satisfaction, emotional attachment, and advocacy. The findings reveal that active involvement in co-creation significantly correlates with increased brand loyalty, particularly among digitally literate and younger consumers. Crowdsourced innovation, when perceived as authentic and impactful, enhances consumer identification with the brand and strengthens advocacy behaviors. Moderating factors such as digital readiness, demographic characteristics, and cultural orientation were found to influence the strength of these relationships. The study also highlights the importance of brand transparency, perceived control, and value congruence in shaping consumer perceptions and behavioral outcomes. These insights offer practical implications for marketers seeking to design participatory strategies that resonate with diverse consumer segments and foster long-term loyalty. Furthermore, the study contributes to theoretical development by integrating Service-Dominant Logic, Customer Engagement Theory, and psychological ownership frameworks into a unified model of participatory consumer-brand relationships.
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References
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- Bhattacharya, C. B., & Sen, S. (2003). Consumer–company identification: A framework for understanding consumers’ relationships with companies. Journal of Marketing, 67(2), 76–88. https://doi.org/10.1509/jmkg.67.2.76.18609
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- Brodie, R. J., Hollebeek, L. D., Jurić, B., & Ilić, A. (2011). Customer engagement: Conceptual domain, fundamental propositions, and implications for research. Journal of Service Research, 14(3), 252–271. https://doi.org/10.1177/1094670511411703
- Chesbrough, H. W. (2003). Open innovation: The new imperative for creating and profiting from technology. Harvard Business Press.
- Dong, B., Evans, K. R., & Zou, S. (2015). The effects of customer participation in co-created service recovery. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 43(5), 615–628. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11747-015-0425-6
- Etgar, M. (2008). A descriptive model of the consumer co-production process. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 36(1), 97–108. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11747-007-0061-1
- Franke, N., Keinz, P., & Schreier, M. (2008). Complementing mass customization toolkits with user communities: How peer input improves customer self‐design. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 25(6), 546–559. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5885.2008.00322.x
- Fuchs, C., Prandelli, E., & Schreier, M. (2010). The psychological effects of empowerment strategies on consumers’ product demand. Journal of Marketing, 74(1), 65–79. https://doi.org/10.1509/jmkg.74.1.65
- Füller, J. (2010). Refining virtual co-creation from a consumer perspective. California Management Review, 52(2), 98–122. https://doi.org/10.1525/cmr.2010.52.2.98
- Füller, J., Bartl, M., Ernst, H., & Mühlbacher, H. (2009). Community-based innovation: How to integrate members of virtual communities into new product development. Electronic Commerce Research, 9(1–2), 57–73. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10660-009-9029-0
- Füller, J., Hutter, K., & Faullant, R. (2011). Why co-creation experience matters? Creative experience and its impact on the quantity and quality of creative contributions. R&D Management, 41(3), 259–273. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9310.2011.00640.x
- Harmeling, C. M., Moffett, J. W., Arnold, M. J., & Carlson, B. D. (2017). Toward a theory of customer engagement marketing. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 45(3), 312–335. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11747-016-0509-2
- Howe, J. (2006). The rise of crowdsourcing. Wired Magazine, 14(6), 1–4.
- Howe, J. (2008). Crowdsourcing: Why the power of the crowd is driving the future of business. Crown Business.
- Ind, N., Iglesias, O., & Schultz, M. (2013). Building brands together: Emergence and outcomes of co-creation. California Management Review, 55(3), 5–26. https://doi.org/10.1525/cmr.2013.55.3.5
- Jeppesen, L. B., & Lakhani, K. R. (2010). Marginality and problem-solving effectiveness in broadcast search. Organization Science, 21(5), 1016–1033. https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.1090.0491
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- Nambisan, S., & Baron, R. A. (2007). Interactions in virtual customer environments: Implications for product support and customer relationship management. Journal of Interactive Marketing, 21(2), 42–62. https://doi.org/10.1002/dir.20077
- Nambisan, S., & Baron, R. A. (2009). Virtual customer environments: Testing a model of voluntary participation in value co-creation activities. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 26(4), 388–406. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5885.2009.00667.x
- Nysveen, H., & Pedersen, P. E. (2014). Influences of co-creation on brand loyalty: The mediating role of brand experience. Journal of Brand Management, 21(7–8), 574–588. https://doi.org/10.1057/bm.2014.6
- O’Hern, M. S., & Rindfleisch, A. (2010). Customer co-creation: A typology and research agenda. Review of Marketing Research, 6, 84–106. https://doi.org/10.1108/S1548-6435(2009)0000006010
- Oliver, R. L. (1999). Whence consumer loyalty? Journal of Marketing, 63(4_suppl1), 33–44. https://doi.org/10.1177/00222429990634s105
- Payne, A. F., Storbacka, K., & Frow, P. (2008). Managing the co-creation of value. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 36(1), 83–96. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11747-007-0070-0
- Pierce, J. L., Kostova, T., & Dirks, K. T. (2001). Toward a theory of psychological ownership in organizations. Academy of Management Review, 26(2), 298–310. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.2001.4378028
- Piller, F. T., Vossen, A., & Ihl, C. (2012). From social media to social product development: The impact of social media on co-creation of innovation. Die Unternehmung, 66(1), 7–27. https://doi.org/10.5771/0042-059X-2012-1-7
- Poetz, M. K., & Schreier, M. (2012). The value of crowdsourcing: Can users really compete with professionals in generating new product ideas? Journal of Product Innovation Management, 29(2), 245–256. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5885.2011.00893.x
- Prahalad, C. K., & Krishnan, M. S. (2008). The new age of innovation: Driving co-created value through global networks. McGraw-Hill.
- Prahalad, C. K., & Ramaswamy, V. (2004). Co-creating unique value with customers. Strategy & Leadership, 32(3), 4–9. https://doi.org/10.1108/10878570410699249
- Ramaswamy, V., & Ozcan, K. (2016). Brand value co-creation in a digitalized world: An integrative framework and research implications. International Journal of Research in Marketing, 33(1), 93–106. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijresmar.2015.07.001
- Ranjan, K. R., & Read, S. (2016). Value co-creation: Concept and measurement. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 44(3), 290–315. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11747-014-0397-2
- Sigala, M. (2019). Social media and customer engagement in the context of collaborative value creation in the hospitality industry. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 31(3), 1082–1100. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCHM-10-2017-0649
- Smith, A. N. (2017). Co-creation in marketing: An overview of theoretical perspectives and measurement approaches. Journal of Strategic Marketing, 25(5–6), 423–442. https://doi.org/10.1080/0965254X.2016.1148769
- Sweeney, J. C., Danaher, T. S., & McColl-Kennedy, J. R. (2014). Customer effort in value cocreation activities: Improving quality of life and behavioral intentions of health care customers. Journal of Service Research, 18(3), 318–335. https://doi.org/10.1177/1094670514558322
- Tsekouras, G., Fragkos, K. C., & Tzortzaki, A. (2020). The influence of consumer demographics on co-creation experiences and loyalty intentions. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 54, 102034. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2019.102034
- Vargo, S. L., & Lusch, R. F. (2008). Service-dominant logic: Continuing the evolution. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 36(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11747-007-0069-6
- Von Hippel, E. (2005). Democratizing innovation. MIT Press.
- West, J., & Bogers, M. (2014). Leveraging external sources of innovation: A review of research on open innovation. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 31(4), 814–831. https://doi.org/10.1111/jpim.12125
- Yi, Y., & Gong, T. (2013). Customer value co-creation behavior: Scale development and validation. Journal of Business Research, 66(9), 1279–1284. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2012.02.026
- Yim, C. K., Chan, K. W., & Lam, S. S. (2012). Do customers and employees enjoy service participation? Synergistic effects of self- and other-efficacy. Journal of Marketing, 76(6), 121–140. https://doi.org/10.1509/jm.11.0205
- Zuchowski, O., Posegga, O., Schlagwein, D., & Fischbach, K. (2016). Internal crowdsourcing: Conceptual framework, structured review, and research agenda. Journal of Information Technology, 31(2), 166–184. https://doi.org/10.1057/jit.2016.1
- Zwass, V. (2010). Co-creation: Toward a taxonomy and an integrated research perspective. International Journal of Electronic Commerce, 15(1), 11–48. https://doi.org/10.2753/JEC1086-4415150101
References
Afuah, A., & Tucci, C. L. (2012). Crowdsourcing as a solution to distant search. Journal of the Academy of Management Review, 37(3), 355–375. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.2010.0146
Bayus, B. L. (2013). Crowdsourcing new product ideas over time: An analysis of the Dell IdeaStorm community. Management Science, 59(1), 226–244. https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.1120.1599
Bhattacharya, C. B., & Sen, S. (2003). Consumer–company identification: A framework for understanding consumers’ relationships with companies. Journal of Marketing, 67(2), 76–88. https://doi.org/10.1509/jmkg.67.2.76.18609
Bogers, M., Afuah, A., & Bastian, B. (2017). Users as innovators: A review, critique, and future research directions. Journal of Management, 43(1), 118–146. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206316679384
Brodie, R. J., Hollebeek, L. D., Jurić, B., & Ilić, A. (2011). Customer engagement: Conceptual domain, fundamental propositions, and implications for research. Journal of Service Research, 14(3), 252–271. https://doi.org/10.1177/1094670511411703
Chesbrough, H. W. (2003). Open innovation: The new imperative for creating and profiting from technology. Harvard Business Press.
Dong, B., Evans, K. R., & Zou, S. (2015). The effects of customer participation in co-created service recovery. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 43(5), 615–628. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11747-015-0425-6
Etgar, M. (2008). A descriptive model of the consumer co-production process. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 36(1), 97–108. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11747-007-0061-1
Franke, N., Keinz, P., & Schreier, M. (2008). Complementing mass customization toolkits with user communities: How peer input improves customer self‐design. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 25(6), 546–559. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5885.2008.00322.x
Fuchs, C., Prandelli, E., & Schreier, M. (2010). The psychological effects of empowerment strategies on consumers’ product demand. Journal of Marketing, 74(1), 65–79. https://doi.org/10.1509/jmkg.74.1.65
Füller, J. (2010). Refining virtual co-creation from a consumer perspective. California Management Review, 52(2), 98–122. https://doi.org/10.1525/cmr.2010.52.2.98
Füller, J., Bartl, M., Ernst, H., & Mühlbacher, H. (2009). Community-based innovation: How to integrate members of virtual communities into new product development. Electronic Commerce Research, 9(1–2), 57–73. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10660-009-9029-0
Füller, J., Hutter, K., & Faullant, R. (2011). Why co-creation experience matters? Creative experience and its impact on the quantity and quality of creative contributions. R&D Management, 41(3), 259–273. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9310.2011.00640.x
Harmeling, C. M., Moffett, J. W., Arnold, M. J., & Carlson, B. D. (2017). Toward a theory of customer engagement marketing. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 45(3), 312–335. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11747-016-0509-2
Howe, J. (2006). The rise of crowdsourcing. Wired Magazine, 14(6), 1–4.
Howe, J. (2008). Crowdsourcing: Why the power of the crowd is driving the future of business. Crown Business.
Ind, N., Iglesias, O., & Schultz, M. (2013). Building brands together: Emergence and outcomes of co-creation. California Management Review, 55(3), 5–26. https://doi.org/10.1525/cmr.2013.55.3.5
Jeppesen, L. B., & Lakhani, K. R. (2010). Marginality and problem-solving effectiveness in broadcast search. Organization Science, 21(5), 1016–1033. https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.1090.0491
Leimeister, J. M., Huber, M., Bretschneider, U., & Krcmar, H. (2009). Leveraging crowdsourcing: Activation-supporting components for IT-based ideas competition. Journal of Management Information Systems, 26(1), 197–224. https://doi.org/10.2753/MIS0742-1222260108
Leimeister, J. M., Huber, M., Bretschneider, U., & Krcmar, H. (2010). Idea competition systems–Recent research and future challenges. Business & Information Systems Engineering, 2(6), 367–374. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12599-010-0123-6
Merz, M. A., He, Y., & Vargo, S. L. (2009). The evolving brand logic: A service-dominant logic perspective. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 37(3), 328–344. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11747-009-0143-3
Nambisan, S., & Baron, R. A. (2007). Interactions in virtual customer environments: Implications for product support and customer relationship management. Journal of Interactive Marketing, 21(2), 42–62. https://doi.org/10.1002/dir.20077
Nambisan, S., & Baron, R. A. (2009). Virtual customer environments: Testing a model of voluntary participation in value co-creation activities. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 26(4), 388–406. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5885.2009.00667.x
Nysveen, H., & Pedersen, P. E. (2014). Influences of co-creation on brand loyalty: The mediating role of brand experience. Journal of Brand Management, 21(7–8), 574–588. https://doi.org/10.1057/bm.2014.6
O’Hern, M. S., & Rindfleisch, A. (2010). Customer co-creation: A typology and research agenda. Review of Marketing Research, 6, 84–106. https://doi.org/10.1108/S1548-6435(2009)0000006010
Oliver, R. L. (1999). Whence consumer loyalty? Journal of Marketing, 63(4_suppl1), 33–44. https://doi.org/10.1177/00222429990634s105
Payne, A. F., Storbacka, K., & Frow, P. (2008). Managing the co-creation of value. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 36(1), 83–96. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11747-007-0070-0
Pierce, J. L., Kostova, T., & Dirks, K. T. (2001). Toward a theory of psychological ownership in organizations. Academy of Management Review, 26(2), 298–310. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.2001.4378028
Piller, F. T., Vossen, A., & Ihl, C. (2012). From social media to social product development: The impact of social media on co-creation of innovation. Die Unternehmung, 66(1), 7–27. https://doi.org/10.5771/0042-059X-2012-1-7
Poetz, M. K., & Schreier, M. (2012). The value of crowdsourcing: Can users really compete with professionals in generating new product ideas? Journal of Product Innovation Management, 29(2), 245–256. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5885.2011.00893.x
Prahalad, C. K., & Krishnan, M. S. (2008). The new age of innovation: Driving co-created value through global networks. McGraw-Hill.
Prahalad, C. K., & Ramaswamy, V. (2004). Co-creating unique value with customers. Strategy & Leadership, 32(3), 4–9. https://doi.org/10.1108/10878570410699249
Ramaswamy, V., & Ozcan, K. (2016). Brand value co-creation in a digitalized world: An integrative framework and research implications. International Journal of Research in Marketing, 33(1), 93–106. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijresmar.2015.07.001
Ranjan, K. R., & Read, S. (2016). Value co-creation: Concept and measurement. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 44(3), 290–315. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11747-014-0397-2
Sigala, M. (2019). Social media and customer engagement in the context of collaborative value creation in the hospitality industry. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 31(3), 1082–1100. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCHM-10-2017-0649
Smith, A. N. (2017). Co-creation in marketing: An overview of theoretical perspectives and measurement approaches. Journal of Strategic Marketing, 25(5–6), 423–442. https://doi.org/10.1080/0965254X.2016.1148769
Sweeney, J. C., Danaher, T. S., & McColl-Kennedy, J. R. (2014). Customer effort in value cocreation activities: Improving quality of life and behavioral intentions of health care customers. Journal of Service Research, 18(3), 318–335. https://doi.org/10.1177/1094670514558322
Tsekouras, G., Fragkos, K. C., & Tzortzaki, A. (2020). The influence of consumer demographics on co-creation experiences and loyalty intentions. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 54, 102034. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2019.102034
Vargo, S. L., & Lusch, R. F. (2008). Service-dominant logic: Continuing the evolution. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 36(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11747-007-0069-6
Von Hippel, E. (2005). Democratizing innovation. MIT Press.
West, J., & Bogers, M. (2014). Leveraging external sources of innovation: A review of research on open innovation. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 31(4), 814–831. https://doi.org/10.1111/jpim.12125
Yi, Y., & Gong, T. (2013). Customer value co-creation behavior: Scale development and validation. Journal of Business Research, 66(9), 1279–1284. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2012.02.026
Yim, C. K., Chan, K. W., & Lam, S. S. (2012). Do customers and employees enjoy service participation? Synergistic effects of self- and other-efficacy. Journal of Marketing, 76(6), 121–140. https://doi.org/10.1509/jm.11.0205
Zuchowski, O., Posegga, O., Schlagwein, D., & Fischbach, K. (2016). Internal crowdsourcing: Conceptual framework, structured review, and research agenda. Journal of Information Technology, 31(2), 166–184. https://doi.org/10.1057/jit.2016.1
Zwass, V. (2010). Co-creation: Toward a taxonomy and an integrated research perspective. International Journal of Electronic Commerce, 15(1), 11–48. https://doi.org/10.2753/JEC1086-4415150101