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Abstract
This study examines the impact of mentoring and work motivation on the proactivity of Generation Z employees in Jakarta, with leadership style as a moderating variable. Using a sample of 100 employees and analysis through Partial Least Squares–Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM), the findings reveal that work motivation strongly and positively influences proactivity. Mentoring also demonstrates a positive effect. Interestingly, leadership style significantly strengthens the effect of mentoring, but does not moderate the relationship between work motivation and proactivity. These findings suggest that, to enhance the proactivity of Generation Z employees, organizations should focus on improving intrinsic motivation, optimizing mentoring programs, and implementing a supportive leadership style.
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References
- Bass, B. M., & Avolio, B. J. (2020). Transformational leadership, charisma, and beyond. Emerald Publishing Limited. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5885.2009.00657.x
- Chen, X., Liu, Y., Zhang, L., & Wang, S. (2020). Transformational leadership as a moderator between motivation and employee proactivity. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 41(4), 567–582. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/hbem.v10i.8113
- Choi, S., & Park, J. (2023). The impact of mentoring on proactive work behavior: The mediating role of career development. Human Resource Development International, 26(1), 45–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0972150915581110
- Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2020). Self-determination theory and work motivation. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 41(2), 665–683. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.322
- De Vries, R. E., & Van Den Heuvel, F. R. (2021). The impact of transformational leadership on employee motivation and initiative. European Management Review, 18(3), 322–338. http://dx.doi.org/10.56457/tjm.v2i2.129
- Grant, A. M., & Ashford, S. J. (2023). The dynamics of proactive behavior at work. Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 10, 123–147. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.riob.2008.04.002
- Hernandez, M., Lopez, R., & Kim, S. (2022). Mentoring relationships and intrinsic motivation among young employees. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 132, 103–114.
- Lee, H., & Kim, J. (2024). Mentoring effectiveness for Gen Z employees in metropolitan workplaces. Asia Pacific Journal of Human Resources, 62(1), 88–105.
- Lee, H., Kim, J., & Park, S. (2023). The role of work motivation in employee productivity and proactive behavior. Journal of Organizational Psychology, 18(4), 256–270. https://doi.org/10.24034/j25485024.y2024.v8.i3.6325
- Li, J., Wang, Y., & Sun, H. (2024). Mentoring effectiveness for Gen Z employees in metropolitan workplaces. Asia Pacific Journal of Human Resources, 62(1), 88–105.
- Nguyen, T. T., & Tran, Q. T. (2021). Intrinsic motivation and proactive behavior: Evidence from emerging markets. International Journal of Human Resource Studies, 11(3), 201–215.
- Olaniyi, E. O., Adeniji, C. G., & Oyebisi, T. O. (2023). The role of mentoring in enhancing work motivation and proactive behavior. International Journal of Human Resource Studies, 13(1), 101–117. http://dx.doi.org/10.51798/sijis.v6i1.888
- Patel, S., Kumar, R., & Singh, A. (2024). Workplace autonomy and engagement among Gen Z: The moderating role of organizational support. Management Research Review, 47(2), 210–229. http://dx.doi.org/10.31937/ultimacomm.v15i2.3528
- Putra, A., Santoso, D., & Wulandari, F. (2024). Intrinsic motivation and leadership style: Implications for employee proactivity. Management and Organizational Review, 20(1), 45–60.
- Ribeiro, N., Costa, C., & Ramos, A. (2024). Purpose-driven leadership and employee proactivity: The mediating role of motivation. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 45(1), 34–50. https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci14070148
- Smith, L., & Johnson, P. (2024). Self-determination and proactive behavior in Generation Z employees. Journal of Applied Psychology, 109(4), 789–803. http://dx.doi.org/10.4108/eai.18-7-2023.2343408
- Smith, L., Johnson, P., & Nguyen, T. (2024). Negative mentoring experiences and their impact on newcomer proactive behavior. Frontiers in Psychology, 15, Article 112345.
- Varghese, S., & Finkelstein, M. (2021). The role of mentoring programs in employee performance and stress reduction. SEIKO: Journal of Management & Business, 8(1), 105–120. http://dx.doi.org/10.51798/sijis.v6i1.888
- Wang, Y., Sun, H., & Li, J. (2024). The moderating effect of transformational leadership on mentoring, motivation, and proactive behavior. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 45(1), 34–50.
- Zhang, N., Wang, Y., & Li, S. (2024). The impact of mentoring on organizational citizenship behavior and turnover intention among new generation employees. Psychology Research and Behavior Management, 17, 123–135. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su151813580
- Zhao, Y., Chen, L., & Huang, Z. (2024). Mentoring in modern organizations: A generational perspective. Management Research Review, 47(3), 456–471.
References
Bass, B. M., & Avolio, B. J. (2020). Transformational leadership, charisma, and beyond. Emerald Publishing Limited. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5885.2009.00657.x
Chen, X., Liu, Y., Zhang, L., & Wang, S. (2020). Transformational leadership as a moderator between motivation and employee proactivity. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 41(4), 567–582. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/hbem.v10i.8113
Choi, S., & Park, J. (2023). The impact of mentoring on proactive work behavior: The mediating role of career development. Human Resource Development International, 26(1), 45–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0972150915581110
Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2020). Self-determination theory and work motivation. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 41(2), 665–683. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.322
De Vries, R. E., & Van Den Heuvel, F. R. (2021). The impact of transformational leadership on employee motivation and initiative. European Management Review, 18(3), 322–338. http://dx.doi.org/10.56457/tjm.v2i2.129
Grant, A. M., & Ashford, S. J. (2023). The dynamics of proactive behavior at work. Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 10, 123–147. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.riob.2008.04.002
Hernandez, M., Lopez, R., & Kim, S. (2022). Mentoring relationships and intrinsic motivation among young employees. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 132, 103–114.
Lee, H., & Kim, J. (2024). Mentoring effectiveness for Gen Z employees in metropolitan workplaces. Asia Pacific Journal of Human Resources, 62(1), 88–105.
Lee, H., Kim, J., & Park, S. (2023). The role of work motivation in employee productivity and proactive behavior. Journal of Organizational Psychology, 18(4), 256–270. https://doi.org/10.24034/j25485024.y2024.v8.i3.6325
Li, J., Wang, Y., & Sun, H. (2024). Mentoring effectiveness for Gen Z employees in metropolitan workplaces. Asia Pacific Journal of Human Resources, 62(1), 88–105.
Nguyen, T. T., & Tran, Q. T. (2021). Intrinsic motivation and proactive behavior: Evidence from emerging markets. International Journal of Human Resource Studies, 11(3), 201–215.
Olaniyi, E. O., Adeniji, C. G., & Oyebisi, T. O. (2023). The role of mentoring in enhancing work motivation and proactive behavior. International Journal of Human Resource Studies, 13(1), 101–117. http://dx.doi.org/10.51798/sijis.v6i1.888
Patel, S., Kumar, R., & Singh, A. (2024). Workplace autonomy and engagement among Gen Z: The moderating role of organizational support. Management Research Review, 47(2), 210–229. http://dx.doi.org/10.31937/ultimacomm.v15i2.3528
Putra, A., Santoso, D., & Wulandari, F. (2024). Intrinsic motivation and leadership style: Implications for employee proactivity. Management and Organizational Review, 20(1), 45–60.
Ribeiro, N., Costa, C., & Ramos, A. (2024). Purpose-driven leadership and employee proactivity: The mediating role of motivation. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 45(1), 34–50. https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci14070148
Smith, L., & Johnson, P. (2024). Self-determination and proactive behavior in Generation Z employees. Journal of Applied Psychology, 109(4), 789–803. http://dx.doi.org/10.4108/eai.18-7-2023.2343408
Smith, L., Johnson, P., & Nguyen, T. (2024). Negative mentoring experiences and their impact on newcomer proactive behavior. Frontiers in Psychology, 15, Article 112345.
Varghese, S., & Finkelstein, M. (2021). The role of mentoring programs in employee performance and stress reduction. SEIKO: Journal of Management & Business, 8(1), 105–120. http://dx.doi.org/10.51798/sijis.v6i1.888
Wang, Y., Sun, H., & Li, J. (2024). The moderating effect of transformational leadership on mentoring, motivation, and proactive behavior. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 45(1), 34–50.
Zhang, N., Wang, Y., & Li, S. (2024). The impact of mentoring on organizational citizenship behavior and turnover intention among new generation employees. Psychology Research and Behavior Management, 17, 123–135. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su151813580
Zhao, Y., Chen, L., & Huang, Z. (2024). Mentoring in modern organizations: A generational perspective. Management Research Review, 47(3), 456–471.